Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PHENYLPHOSPHINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	638-21-1
Formula	C₆H₇P
Synonyms	fenylfosfin; PF; phosphaniline

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid with a foul odor.
Boiling point	320°F	Molecular weight	110.1
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density	3.79
Specific gravity	1.001 at 59°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.05 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.05 ppm [1992]	PEL-C	0.05 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phenyl phosphine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phenylphosphine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phenylphosphine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

ETHYL-TERT-BUTYL ETHER

Chemical Identification
CAS #	637-92-3
Formula	C₆H₁₄O
Synonyms	ETBE; 2-methyl-2-ethoxypropane; tert-butyl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane; ethyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ethyl ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear light yellow liquid.
Boiling point	163.6°F	Molecular weight	102.18
Freezing point/melting point	-137°F	Vapor pressure	10 mmHg
Flash point	-3°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.7519	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	25 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 2-Methyl-2-ethoxypropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Methyl-2-ethoxypropane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl tert-butyl ether. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

CARBARYL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	63-25-2
Formula	C₁₂H₁₁NO₂
Synonyms	α-naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate; 1-naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate; Sevin

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or gray, odorless solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	201.2
Freezing point/melting point	293°F	Vapor pressure	<0.00004 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.23	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0525
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	60 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA 63 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbaryl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbaryl

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbaryl. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Carbaryl. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Branch, R.A. and Jacqz, E.: Subacute neurotoxicity following long-term exposure to carbaryl. Am. J. Med. 80(4): 741-745, 1986.
Dickoff, D.J., Gerber, O. and Turovsky, Z.: Delayed neurotoxicity after ingestion of carbamate pesticide. Neurology 37(7): 1229-1231, 1987.
Ehrich, M., Jortner, B.S. and Padilla, S.: Comparison of the relative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in rats and hens given cholinesterase inhibitors. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 24(1): 94-101, 1995.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Carbaryl. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 484-486.
Tang, J., Cao, Y., Rose, R.L. and Hodgson, E.: In vitro metabolism of carbaryl by human cytochrome P450 and its inhibition by chlorpyrifos. Chem. Biol. Interact. 141(3): 229-241, 2002.
Zheng, T., Zahm, S.H., Cantor, KP. Weisenburger, D.D., Zhang, Y. and Blair A.: Agricultural exposure to carbamate pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 43(7): 641-649, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 04/09/2024

CARBON MONOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	630-08-0
Formula	CO
Synonyms	carbon oxide; flue gas; monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin/COHb

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, odorless gas.
Boiling point	-313°F	Molecular weight	28.0
Freezing point/melting point	-337°F	Vapor pressure	>35 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	0.97
Specific gravity	0.791 at -312.7°F	Ionization potential	14.01 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	12.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	74%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0560	0560	C730 (COHb)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Dräger X-am 5600 Multi-Gas Detector with a Dräger XXS CO LC electrochemical sensor.	Five layer aluminized gas sampling bag [Calibrated Instruments GSB-P/10]
Sampling time^*			Contact the SLTC Physical Measurements Team Leader in cases where CO poisoning affects more than 4 individuals. The most practical use of resources sometimes requires evaluating the most severely affected employees.
Sampling volume (TWA)^*		2-5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*		0.01-0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*		2-5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*		0.3 L/min
Analytical method instruments		GC-DID
Method reference	OSHA 1026 (fully validated)	OSHA ID-210 (fully validated)
Notes	If nitric oxide (NO) is present at the monitoring site, please notify the OTC when requesting a monitoring kit and each provided gas monitor will be equipped with both CO and NO sensors. Do not use this method when hydrogen, acetylene, or ethene are present.	Use detector tubes for screening. If greater than PEL, order gas sampling bags. *Note for sampling with Cali-5-BondTM, 10 liter, five layer aluminized gas sampling bag: This gas sampling bag has an integrated twist on/off valve (V-NPB-2/00) Septum (A-SEPT/.750). The nickel-plated brass connection allows the user to control gas flow into or out of the bag by twisting the barbed stem open (counterclockwise) or closed (clockwise). The jagged barb firmly secures 3/16″ ID sample tubing to the stem of the valve.	COHb analysis is a routine measurement during the medical response to a suspected CO-poisoning incident or from an autopsy after a suspected CO-poisoning incident. As a result, the COHb analysis is performed using a blood-gas instrument that is part of a quality system. The COHb analysis is not performed at the SLTC. Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is determined by calculation based on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurements provided by medical professionals as described below. OSHA uses a modified Coburn, Forster, Kane (CFK) Calculation. The documented SLTC modifications (printed in the supplemental report that accompanies the results) use a more accurate version of the CFK equation than the closed-form [e.g., ppm CO = f(x,y,z,...)] version used in the 1972 NIOSH criteria document for the purpose of calculating the 8-hr TWA ppm REL that would result in a 5% COHb level [U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide. Pub. No. HSM 73-11000. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH (1972).] The calculation also provides an incident-specific sampling and analytical error (SAE) based on a Monte-Carlo approach designed to deal with the uncertainties in the data. The calculation is performed at the SLTC and the results are critically assessed for correctness by the SLTC experts prior to reporting. The SLTC is available to assist the CSHO with acquiring the data and interpreting the results.
Special requirements			The exposure incident is documented on a worksheet. Personal information is used to assess the affect of any tobacco smoking behavior (before, during and after the exposure), blood volume, and activity levels (during and after the exposure). Post-exposure delay to sampling is preferable less than approx 6 hours for living persons. Longer delays may result in significantly higher SAEs or the inability to distinguish an overexposure from baseline for an individual. Contact Scott Jones at 801-233-4962 [OSHA staff only]. For further information please enroll in the Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) training resource in course mill “TR_CO Calculated from Carboxyhemoglobin”.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector
Model/Type	Carbon monoxide, 5-150 ppm range	BW Solo (BWS1 CO)	Dräger Pac 6500 CO (8327614)	Dräger Pac 7000 CO (8318970)	GasBadge Pro (1810-0060)	ToxiRAE Pro (G02-BF10-100)
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		Honeywell Safety	Dräger Portable Gas Detection	Dräger Portable Gas Detection	Industrial Scientific	Honeywell Safety

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	35 ppm (40 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	25 ppm (29 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	200 ppm
PEL-C		REL-C	200 ppm (229 mg/m³)	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 200 ppm/350 ppm/500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon monoxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon monoxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbon monoxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS/ NIOSH Publication No. 81-123, (January 1981). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.
ATSDR: Toxicological profile for carbon monoxide. June 2012.
EPA: Integrated Science Assessment for Carbon Monoxide (Final Report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-09/019F. January 29, 2010.
NIOSH: Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide. 1972.
Sari I, Zengin S, Ozer O, Davutoglu V, Yildirim C, Aksoy M: Chronic carbon monoxide exposure increases electrocardiographic P-wave and QT dispersion. Inhal Toxicol. 20(9):879-84, July 2008.

Last Updated Date : 11/01/2024

ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	628-96-6
Formula	O₂NOCH₂CH₂ONO₂
Synonyms	EGDN; 1,2-ethanediol dinitrate; ethylene dinitrate; ethylene nitrate; glycol dinitrate; nitroglycol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow, oily, odorless liquid.
Boiling point	387°F	Molecular weight	152.1
Freezing point/melting point	-8°F	Vapor pressure	0.05 mmHg
Flash point	419°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.49	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1910
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tenax® GC tube (100/50 mg) [Supelco 20832-U]
Sampling time^*	15 minute minimum
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 43 (fully validated)
Notes	The sampling pump must be approved by NIOSH and/or MSHA as intrinsically safe for use in coal mines.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger 6718201
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.25 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.05 ppm [1980]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-C	0.2 ppm (1 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes: [k]: A PEL of 0.05 ppm shall apply to exposures involving a mixture of ethylene glycol dinitrate and nitroglycerin.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	75 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylene glycol dinitrate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylene glycol dinitrate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

N-AMYL ACETATE (PENTYL ACETATE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	628-63-7
Formula	C₇H₁₄O₂
Synonyms	pentyl acetate; amyl acetic ester; amyl acetic ether; 1-pentanol acetate; pentyl ester of acetic acid; primary amyl acetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a persistent banana-like odor.
Boiling point	295°F	Molecular weight	130.2
Freezing point/melting point	-95°F	Vapor pressure	5.17 mmHg
Flash point	91°F (n-), 106°F (all isomers), 69°F (iso-)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.88	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.5%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0190
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2142 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 147
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	4 min per pump stroke, 2-200 ppm range, uncertainty 15% (10-50 ppm), 10% (50-200 ppm)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (525 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	100 ppm (525 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	50 ppm (266 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	100 ppm (532 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Amyl acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - n-Amyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pentyl acetate, all isomers. See annual publication for most recent information.
Alarie, Y.: Dose-response analysis in animal studies: prediction of human responses. Environ. Health Perspect. 42: 9-13, 1981.
Gill, M.W., Tyler, T.R. and Beyrouty, P.C.: Subchronic inhalation neurotoxicity study of amyl acetate in rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 20(6): 463-469, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Amyl Acetates. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 199-201.

Last Updated Date : 03/29/2024

N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	62-75-9
Formula	C₂H₆N₂O
Synonyms	dimethylnitrosamine; N,N-dimethylnitrosamine; DMNA; N-methyl-N-nitroso-methanamine; NDMA; N-nitroso-N,N-dimethylamine, nitrosodimethylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow, oily liquid with a faint characteristic odor.
Boiling point	306°F	Molecular weight	74.1
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	142°F	Vapor density	2.56
Specific gravity	1.005	Ionization potential	8.69 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1942
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ThermoSorb/N air sampler [No longer available]
Sampling time^*	75 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	75 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-TEA
Method reference	OSHA 27 (fully validated)
Notes	This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements	Store samples in freezer.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1016, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (requirements identical to29 CFR 1910.1003, 13 Carcinogens).		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. [1992]		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209. Carcinogens.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Nitrosodimethylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Nitrosodimethylamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - N-Nitrosodimethylamine. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: N-Nitrosodimethylamine. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodimethylamine. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1989.
California Department of Health Services: NDMA and Other Nitrosamines - Drinking Water Issues.
Choi, J. and Valentine, R.L.: Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product. Water Res. 36(4): 817,824, 2002.
Lin, H.L., Parsels, L.A., Maybaum, J. and Hollenberg, P.F.: N-Nitrosodimethylamine-mediated cytotoxicity in a cell line expressing P450 2E1: evidence for apoptic cell death. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 157(2): 117-124, 1999.
Mitch, W.A., Gerecke, A.C. and Sedlak, D.L.: A N-nitrosodimethylamine precursor analysis for chlorination of water and wastewater. Water Res. 37(15): 3733-3741, 2003.
Niot-Mansart, V., Muhamedi, A. and Arnould, J.P.: A competitive ELISA detecting 7-methylguanosine adduct induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine exposure. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 24(2): 89-94, 2005.
No Author: Nitrosamines, 15 Listings. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Oury, B., Limasset, J.C. and Protois, J.C.: Assessment of exposure to carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the rubber industry. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 70(4): 261-271, 1997.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N-Nitrosodimethylamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1731-1733.
Siddiqui, M. and Atasi, K.Z.: N-Nitrosodimethylamine: a disinfectant byproduct and its occurrence in wastewater. Water Environ. Res. 76(4): 316-326, 2004.
Straif, K., et al.: Exposure to high concentrations of nitrosamines and cancer mortality among a cohort of rubber workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 57(3): 180-187, 2000.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

SODIUM FLUOROACETATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	62-74-8
Formula	C₂H₃FO₂.Na
Synonyms	SFA; sodium monofluoroacetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Fluffy, colorless to white (sometimes dyed black), odorless powder.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	100.02
Freezing point/melting point	392°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	low
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	>1	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	0.15 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C	0.15 mg/m³	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2.5 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium fluoroacetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium fluoroacetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sodium fluoroacetate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

DICHLORVOS (DDVP)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	62-73-7
Formula	C₄H₇Cl₂O₄P
Synonyms	DDVP; 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to amber liquid with a mild, chemical odor.
Boiling point	284°F at 20 mmHg	Molecular weight	221
Freezing point/melting point	183°F	Vapor pressure	0.01 mmHg
Flash point	>175°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.42	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0850
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA 62 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [1998]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (1 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, TLV-A4,EPA-B2		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dichlorvos

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dichlorvos

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dichlorvos. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Dichlorvos. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network, Feb. 13, 2003.
Bryant, D.H.: Asthma due to insecticide sensitivity. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 15(1): 66-68, 1985.
Deschamps, D., Questel, F., Baud, F.J., Gervais, P. and Dally, S.: Persistent asthma after acute inhalation of organophosphate insecticide. Lancet 344(8938): 1712, 1994.
Mason, H.J.: The recovery of plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in workers after over-exposure to dichlorvos. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 50(5): 343-347, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dichlorvos. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 844-846.
Sevim, S., Aktekin, M., Dogu, O., Ozturk, H. and Ertas, M.: Late onset polyneuropathy due to organophosphate (DDVP) intoxication. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 30(1): 75-78, 2003.
Vasconcellos, L.F. Leite, A.C. and Nascimento, O.J.: Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy: case report. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 60(4): 1003-1007, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

SEC-AMYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	626-38-0
Formula	C₇H₁₄O₂
Synonyms	1-methylbutyl acetate; 2-pentanol acetate; 2-pentyl ester of acetic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Boiling point	271°F	Molecular weight	130.2
Freezing point/melting point	-95.44°F	Vapor pressure	7 mmHg
Flash point	89°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.87	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.5%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0191
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1450 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	125 ppm (650 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	125 ppm (650 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	50 ppm (266 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	100 ppm (532 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: as Pentyl acetate
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sec-Amyl acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sec-Amyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pentyl acetate, all isomers. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 03/29/2024

PHENYLPHOSPHINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL-TERT-BUTYL ETHER

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBARYL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBON MONOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-AMYL ACETATE (PENTYL ACETATE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SODIUM FLUOROACETATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DICHLORVOS (DDVP)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SEC-AMYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References