Occupational Safety and Health Administration

MONOCROTOPHOS

Chemical Identification
CAS #	6923-22-4
Formula	C₇H₁₄NO₅P
Synonyms	3-hydroxy-N-methylcrotonamide dimethylphosphate; Monocron

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to reddish-brown solid with a mild, ester odor.
Boiling point	257°F at 0.0005 mmHg	Molecular weight	223.16
Freezing point/melting point	129°F	Vapor pressure	0.000007 mmHg
Flash point	>200°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2690
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA PV2045 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.25 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2002]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Monocrotophos

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Monocrotophos

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Monocrotophos. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

DIHEXYL PHTHALATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68515-50-4; 84-75-3
Formula	C₂₀H₃₀O₄
Synonyms	phthalic acid, dihexyl ester branched and linear

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow-brown oily viscous liquid with a slight aromatic odor.
Boiling point	662°F at 735 mmHg	Molecular weight	334.5
Freezing point/melting point	-72°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	350°F	Vapor density	11.5
Specific gravity	0.995	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	D940
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-Tenax®) - 13 mm Tenax® tube (140/70 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-56]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2076 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Di-N-Hexyl phthalate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Di-N-Hexyl phthalate

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

VEGETABLE OIL MISTS†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68956-68-3
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	salad oil; vegetable mist; viscoleo oil

Physical Properties
Physical description	Pale yellow oily liquid with a weak, fatty odor.
Boiling point	Very high	Molecular weight	varies
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point	610°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.923 at 77°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	V127 (total); request using analyte code 9135	V126 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: See TLV booklet: Introduction to the biologically derived airborne contaminants.		Notes: as Particulates not otherwise regulated
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Oils, edible: vegetable

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vegetable oil mist

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Introduction to the Biologically Derived Airborne Contaminants. See annual publication for most recent information.
Chang, S.S., Peterson, R.J. and Ho, C.-T.: Chemical reactions involved in the deep-fat frying of foods. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 55(10):718-27, 1978.
Kullman, G., Boylstein, R., Jones, W., Piacitelli, Pendergrass, S. and Kreiss, K.: Characterization of respiratory exposures at a microwave popcorn plant with cases of bronchiolitis obliterans. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2(3): 169-178, 2005.
Li, X., Botts, S., Morton, D., Knickerbocker, M.J. and Adler, R.: Oleic acid-associated bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in beagle dogs. Vet. Pathol. 43(2): 183-185, 2006.
Oldenburger, D., Maurer, W.J., Beltaos, E. and Magnin, G.E.: Inhalation lipoid pneumonia from burning fats. A newly recognized industrial hazard. JAMA 222(10): 1288-1289, 1972.
Pinkerton, H.: The reaction to oils and fats in the lung. Arch. Pathol. 5: 380-401, 1928 [cited in Spickard, A., III and Hirschmann, J.V.: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Arch Intern. Med. 154(6): 686-692, 1994].
Schauer, J.J., Kleeman, M.J., Cass, G.R., Simoneit, B.R.T.: Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 4. C₁-C₂₇ organic compounds from cooking with seed oils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(4): 567-575, 2002.
Svendsen, K., Sjaastad, A.K. and Sivertsen, I.: Respiratory symptoms in kitchen workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43(4): 436-439, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (L.P.G.)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68476-85-7
Formula	C₃H₈/C₃H₆/C₄H₁₀/C₄H₈
Synonyms	bottled gas; compressed petroleum gas; liquefied hydrocarbon gas

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, noncorrosive, odorless gas when pure.
Boiling point	>-40°F	Molecular weight	42-58
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point	varies - propane: -156° F (cc); butane: -76° F (cc)	Vapor density	1.45-2.00
Specific gravity	0.51-0.58 at -58°F	Ionization potential	10.95 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.1% (Propane) 1.9% (Butane)	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	9.5% (Propane) 8.5% (Butane)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Combustible gas meter	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type		Gastec 100A	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		0.02-0.8% range	0.3 ppm@3.4 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: See Appendix F: Minimal Oxygen Content. L.P.G. is listed as a simple asphyxiant and explosion hazard.		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Liquefied petroleum gas

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - L.P.G.

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - L.P.G. (Liquified petroleum gas). See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/04/2021

HEXAFLUOROACETONE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	684-16-2
Formula	C₃F₆O
Synonyms	hexafluoro-2-propanone; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanone; HFA; perfluoroacetone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a musty odor.
Boiling point	-18°F	Molecular weight	166
Freezing point/melting point	-188°F	Vapor pressure	5.8 atm
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	11.81 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1986]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/1 ppm/50 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexafluoroacetone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexafluoroacetone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexafluoroacetone. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

METHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	681-84-5
Formula	C₄H₁₂O₄Si
Synonyms	methyl orthosilicate; tetramethoxysilane; tetramethyl ester of silicic acid; tetramethyl silicate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid.
Boiling point	250°F	Molecular weight	152.3
Freezing point/melting point	28°F	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	205°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.02	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm (6 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1978]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (6 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: The OSHA PEL applies to Construction and Maritime Industries only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/10 ppm/20 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl orthosilicate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl silicate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl silicate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 06/01/2022

DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68-12-2
Formula	C₃H₇NO
Synonyms	DMF; DMFA; N,N-dimethylformamide; composite constituent; dimethyl formamide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a faint, amine-like odor.
Boiling point	307°F	Molecular weight	73.1
Freezing point/melting point	-78°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	136°F	Vapor density	2.51
Specific gravity	0.95	Ionization potential	9.12 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.2% at 212°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.2% at 212°F
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0930
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 66 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 2 ppm/100 ppm/200 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N,N-Dimethylformamide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dimethylformamide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethylformamide. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: N,N-Dimethylformamide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Angerer, J., Göen, T., Krämer, A. and Käfferlein, H.U.: N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine of globin in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide. Arch. Toxicol. 72(5): 309-313, 1998.
Chang, H.-Y., Shih, T.-S., Guo, Y.-L., Tsai, C.-Y. and Hsu, P.-C.: Sperm function in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide in the synthetic leather industry. Fertil. Steril. 81(6): 1589-1594, 2004.
Chang, H.-Y., Tsai, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-Q., Shih, T.-S., and Lin, W.-C.: Total body burden arising from a week's repeated dermal exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide. Occup. Environ. Med. 62(3): 151-156, 2005.
Cox, N.H. and Mustchin, C.P.: Prolonged spontaneous and alcohol-induced flushing due to the solvent dimethylformamide. Contact Dermatitis 24(1): 69-70, 1991.
Dimethylformamide. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 2): 545-574, 1999.
Käfferlein, H.U., et al.: The use of biomarkers of exposure of N,N-dimethylformamide in health risk assessment and occupational hygiene in the polyacrylic fibre industry. Occup. Environ. Med. 62(5): 330-336, 2005.
Mráz, J., Dušková, Š., Gálová, E., Nohová, H. and Brabec, M.: Biological monitoring of N,N-dimethylformamide. Reference value for N-methylcarbamoyl adduct at the N-terminal valine as a biomarker of chronic occupational exposure. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 75(Suppl.): S93-96, 2002.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N,N-Dimethylformamide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 926-928.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

THIOGLYCOLIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68-11-1
Formula	C₂H₄O₂S
Synonyms	Acetyl mercaptan; Mercaptoacetate; Mercaptoacetic acid; 2-Mercaptoacetic acid; 2-Thioglycolic acid; Thiovanic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans.
Boiling point	248°F at 20 mmHg	Molecular weight	92.12
Freezing point/melting point	2.3°F	Vapor pressure	10 mmHg at 64°F
Flash point	235°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.33	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	5.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (3.8 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Thioglycolic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Thioglycolic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Thioglycolic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

HEXAMETHYL PHOSPHORAMIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	680-31-9
Formula	C₆H₁₈N₃OP
Synonyms	hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide; hexamethylphosphorotriamide; HMPA; tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide; HEMPA; HMPT

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless to light amber liquid with an aromatic or mild, amine-like odor.
Boiling point	451°F	Molecular weight	179.2
Freezing point/melting point	43°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg
Flash point	220°F	Vapor density	6.18
Specific gravity	1.024	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	No TLV value [1990]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP-R,IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexamethylphosphoramide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexamethyl phosphoramide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexamethyl phosphoramide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

HEXACHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-72-1
Formula	C₂Cl₆
Synonyms	carbon hexachloride; ethane hexachloride; perchloroethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless crystals with a camphor-like odor.
Boiling point	368.2°F (sublimes)	Molecular weight	236.7
Freezing point/melting point	368.2°F (sublimes)	Vapor pressure	0.2 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	8.16
Specific gravity	2.09	Ionization potential	11.22 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1372
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.09 ppm@12.8 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP-R, NIOSH-Ca, IARC-2B, TLV-A3, EPA-C		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexachloroethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexachloroethane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexachloroethane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

MONOCROTOPHOS

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIHEXYL PHTHALATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VEGETABLE OIL MISTS†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (L.P.G.)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXAFLUOROACETONE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

THIOGLYCOLIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXAMETHYL PHOSPHORAMIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXACHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References