Occupational Safety and Health Administration

METHYL ACETYLENE-PROPADIENE MIXTURE (MAPP)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	59355-75-8
Formula	C₃H₄
Synonyms	MAPP gas; methyl acetylene-allene mixture; propadiene-methyl acetylene; propyne-allene mixture; propyne-propadiene mixture

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a strong, characteristic, foul odor.
Boiling point	-36 to -4°F	Molecular weight	40.1
Freezing point/melting point	-213°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.48
Specific gravity	0.576 at 59°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10.8%
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1652
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes	OSHA staff, please contact the SLTC before sampling (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm [1964]	PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	1250 ppm (2250 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	1250 ppm [1964]	PEL-STEL	1250 ppm (2250 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: (EX) explosion hazard: the substance is a flammable asphyxiant or excursions above the TLV could approach 10% of the lower explosive limit.		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3400 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methylacetylene and propadiene mixture, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methylacetylene-propadiene mixture. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

1-HEXENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	592-41-6
Formula	C₆H₁₂
Synonyms	α-hexene; Dialene 6; hexene; hexylene; 1-n-hexene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
Boiling point	146.3°	Molecular weight	84.16
Freezing point/melting point	-219.6°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	-15°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.673	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.2% (est)	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1999]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (180 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/500 ppm/5000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Hexene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1-Hexene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1-Hexene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

2-HEXANONE (METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE; METHYL BUTYL KETONE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	591-78-6
Formula	C₆H₁₂O
Synonyms	butyl methyl ketone; MBK; methyl butyl ketone; methyl n-butyl ketone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an acetone-like odor.
Boiling point	262°F	Molecular weight	100.2
Freezing point/melting point	-71°F	Vapor pressure	11 mmHg
Flash point	73°F	Vapor density	3.45
Specific gravity	0.812	Ionization potential	9.34 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1690
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	20 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2031 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (410 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1995]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	10 ppm [1995]	PEL-STEL	10 ppm (40 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1600 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-1		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl butyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Hexanone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl n-butyl ketone. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bolt, H.M., Roos, P.H. and Thier, R.: The cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme CYP2E1 in the biological processing of industrial chemicals: consequences for occupational and environmental medicine. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 76(3): 174-185, 2003.
Bos, P.M.J., de Mik, G. and Bragt, P.C.: Critical review of the toxicity of methyl n-butyl ketone: risk from occupational exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 20(2): 175-194, 1991.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Methyl n-Butyl Ketone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1535-1538.
Zhu, M., Spink, D.C., Yan, B., Bank, S. and DeCaprio A.P.: Inhibition of 2,5-hexanedione-induced protein cross-linking by biological thiols: chemical mechanisms and toxicological implications. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8(5): 764-771, 1995.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

LINDANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	58-89-9
Formula	C₆H₆Cl₆
Synonyms	BHC; HCH; γ-hexachlorocyclohexane; γ isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellow, crystalline powder with a slight, musty odor.
Boiling point	614°F	Molecular weight	290.83
Freezing point/melting point	235°F	Vapor pressure	0.00001 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.85	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1595
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF (37 mm Gelman Type A/E) and bubbler & 15 mL (isooctane) [AP4003705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	18-240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	NIOSH 5502 (fully validated)
Notes	transfer bubbler solutions and filters in scintillation vials; pack carefully
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.5 mg/m³ [1990]	PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP-R, TLV-A3, IARC-2B		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Lindane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Lindane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Lindane. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Lindane (Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Angerer, J., Maass, R. and Heinrich, R.: Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane. VI. Metabolism of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in man. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 52(1): 59-67, 1983.
Blair, A., Cantor, K.P. and Zahm, S.H.: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and agricultural use of the insecticide lindane. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33(1): 82-87, 1998.
Corrigan, F.M., Weinburg, C.L., Shore, R.F., Daniel, S.E. and Mann, D.: Organochlorine insecticides in substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 59(4): 229-234.
Dick, A.P., Blain, P.G. and Williams, F.M.: The percutaneous absorption and skin distribution of lindane in man. I. In vivo studies. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16(11): 645-651, 1997.
Drummond, L., Gillanders, E.M. and Wilson, H.K.: Plasma ?-hexachlorocyclohexane concentrations in forestry workers exposed to lindane. Br. J. Ind. Med. 45(7): 493-497, 1988.
Feldmann, R.J. and Maibach, H.I.: Percutaneous penetration of some pesticides and herbicides in man. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 28: 126-132, 1974.
Hoppin, J.A., et al.: Pesticides and other agricultural factors associated with self-reported farmer’s lung among farm residents in the Agricultural Health Study. Occup. Environ. Med. 64: 334-341, 2007.
No Authors: Lindane. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
No Authors: Pesticide News Story: Remaining Lindane Registrations Cancelled.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Lindane. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1406-1409.
Purdue, M.P., Hoppin, J.A., Blair, A., Dosemeci, M. and Alavanja, M.C.: Occupational exposure to organochlorine insecticides and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. Int. J. Cancer 120(3): 642-649, 2007.
Sievert, J., et al.: Unintentional topical lindane ingestions—United States, 1998-2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 54(21): 533-535, 2005.

Last Updated Date : 01/04/2021

2,4-TOLUENE-DIISOCYANATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	584-84-9
Formula	C₉H₆N₂O₂
Synonyms	2,4-diisocyanate-1-methylbenzene; TDI; 2,4-TDI; 2,4-toluene diisocyanate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow solid or liquid (above 71°F) with a sharp, pungent odor.
Boiling point	484°F	Molecular weight	174.2
Freezing point/melting point	67.1-70.7°F	Vapor pressure	0.01 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	270°F for an 80/20% 2,4/ 2,6 TDI mixture	Vapor density	6
Specific gravity	1.2244 at 68°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	9.5%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2470
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Isocyanate Sampling Filter Kit - GFF (37 mm, open-faced) coated with 1 mg 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine [SLTC103]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	UHPLC
Method reference	OSHA 5002 (fully validated)
Notes	Refrigerate coated filters until used. Sample open-faced!!
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Hazard Assessment Test Kit for Aromatic Isocyanates
Model/Type	Dräger - Toluene diisocyanate 0.02/a, 6724501	769-1002
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	25 strokes, approx 0.02-0.2 ppm range, uncertainty 30%	Isocyanate Surface and Dermal Sampling, Hazard Assessment Test Kit for Aromatic Isocyanates

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.001 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2015]	PEL-TWA	0.005 ppm (0.04 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	0.005 ppm [2015]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C	0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	0.02 ppm (0.15 mg/m³)
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN), respiratory sensitizer (RSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2.5 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.01 ppm/0.15 ppm/0.6 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

Literature References

EPA: Hazard Summary - Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4 or 2,6- (or as a mixture). See annual publication for most recent information.
NIOSH: Alert - Preventing asthma and death from diisocyanate exposure. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-111. 1996.
NIOSH: Current Intelligence Bulletin 53 - Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and Toluenediamine (TDA) - Evidence of Carcinogenicity. December 1989.

Last Updated Date : 04/02/2025

O-METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	583-60-8
Formula	CH₃C₆H₉O
Synonyms	2-methylcyclohexanone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a weak, peppermint-like odor.
Boiling point	329°F	Molecular weight	112.2
Freezing point/melting point	6.8°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg
Flash point	118°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.93	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1765
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Porapak Q tube (150/75 mg) [SKC 226-115]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2521 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (460 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	50 ppm (230 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1970]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (230 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	75 ppm (345 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	75 ppm [1970]	PEL-STEL	75 ppm (345 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	600 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - O-Methylcyclohexanone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - o-Methylcyclohexanone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - o-Methylcyclohexanone. See annual publication for most recent information.
Nakajin, S., Tamura, F., Takase, N. and Toyoshima, S.; Carbonyl reductase activity exhibited by pig testicular 20 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29(11): 1215-1218, 1997.
Newberne, P., et al.: GRAS flavoring substances 19. Food Technol. 54(6): 66-68, 70, 72-74, 76-84, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 2-Methylcyclohexanone. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1549-1550.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2023

CHLORDANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	57-74-9
Formula	C₁₀H₆Cl₈
Synonyms	Chlordan; Chlordano; 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Amber-colored, viscous liquid with a pungent, chlorine-like odor.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	409.8
Freezing point/melting point	217-228°F	Vapor pressure	0.00001 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	14
Specific gravity	1.56	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0611
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 67 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chlordane, [flammable liquid label]

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlordane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlordane. See annual publication for most recent information.
International Agency for Research on Cancer: Chlordane and Heptachlor (Group 2B). IARC Summaries & Evaluations, Vol 79, 2001.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Chlordane. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Kilburn, K.H. and Thornton, J.C.: Protracted neurotoxicity from chlordane sprayed to kill termites. Environ. Health Perspect. 103(7-8): 690-694, 1995.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Chlordane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 520-523.

Last Updated Date : 04/17/2024

β-PROPIOLACTONE‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	57-57-8
Formula	C₃H₄O₂
Synonyms	BPL; hydroacrylic acid, β-lactone; 3-hydroxy-β-lactone; 3-hydroxy-propionic acid; β-lactone; 2-oxetanone; 3-propiolacetone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor.
Boiling point	323°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	72.1
Freezing point/melting point	-28°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	165°F	Vapor density	2.5
Specific gravity	1.15	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	0	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	Ca	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1003, 13 Carcinogens.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A.		Notes:		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209. Carcinogens.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - β-Propiolactone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - β-Propiolactone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - β-Propiolactone. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

SUCROSE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	57-50-1
Formula	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Synonyms	beet sugar; cane sugar; confectioner's sugar; granulated sugar; rock candy; saccarose; sugar; table sugar

Physical Properties
Physical description	Hard, white, odorless crystals, lumps, or powder.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	342.3
Freezing point/melting point	320-367°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.59	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.045 g/L	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2285 (total); request using analyte code 9135	S130 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA	10 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes: As Particulates not otherwise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sucrose

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sucrose

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sucrose. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bangha, E. and Elsner, P.: Skin problems in sugar artists. Br. J. Dermatol. 135(5): 772-774, 1996.
Bohadana, A.B., Massin, N., Wild, P. and Berthiot, G.: Airflow obstruction in chalkpowder and sugar workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Med. 68(4): 243-248, 1996.
Forster, H.W., Crook, B., Platts, B.W., Lacey, J. and Topping, M.D.: Investigation of organic aerosols generated during sugar beet slicing. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 50(1): 44-50, 1992.
Jensen, P.S., Todd, W.F., Hart, M.E., Mickelsen, R.L. and O'Brien D.M.: Evaluation and control of worker exposure to fungi in a beet sugar refinery. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 54(12): 742-748, 1993.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Sucrose. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2106-2107.
Rosenman, K.D. Hart, M. and Ownby, D.R.: Occupational asthma in a beet sugar processing plant. Chest 101(6): 1720-1722, 1992.
Rothschild, M.A. and Maxeiner, H.: Death caused by a letter bomb. Int. J. Legal Med. 114(1-2): 103-106, 2000.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

STRYCHNINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	57-24-9
Formula	C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₂
Synonyms	nux vomica; strynchnos

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	518°F at 5 mmHg	Molecular weight	334.4
Freezing point/melting point	514°F	Vapor pressure	low
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.36	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2275
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	70-1000 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-3 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	NIOSH 5016 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.15 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.15 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.15 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.15 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Strychnine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Strychnine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Strychnine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

METHYL ACETYLENE-PROPADIENE MIXTURE (MAPP)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1-HEXENE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-HEXANONE (METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE; METHYL BUTYL KETONE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

LINDANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2,4-TOLUENE-DIISOCYANATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

O-METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLORDANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

β-PROPIOLACTONE‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SUCROSE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

STRYCHNINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References