Occupational Safety and Health Administration

VINYL FLUORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-02-5
Formula	C₂H₃F
Synonyms	fluoroethene; fluoroethylene; monofluoroethylene; vinyl fluoride monomer; vinyl fluoride, inhibited

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a faint, ethereal odor.
Boiling point	-98°F	Molecular weight	46.1
Freezing point/melting point	-257°F	Vapor pressure	25.2 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.6
Specific gravity	0.707 at 32°F	Ionization potential	10.37 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	21.7%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1996]	PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.38 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	5 ppm	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, TLV-A2, NTP-R		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinyl fluoride, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl fluoride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl fluoride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

VINYL CHLORIDE (CHLOROETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-01-4
Formula	C₂H₃Cl
Synonyms	chloroethene; chloroethylene; ethylene monochloride; monochloroethene; monochloroethylene; VC; vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or liquid (below 7°F) with a pleasant odor at high concentrations.
Boiling point	7°F	Molecular weight	62.5
Freezing point/melting point	-256°F	Vapor pressure	3.3 atm
Flash point	-110°F	Vapor density	2.21
Specific gravity	0.969 at 8.6°F	Ionization potential	9.99 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	33%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2580
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 91 Carbosieve® S-III (130/65) [Supelco 20360]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 75 (fully validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. Refrigerate samples and analyze as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 131LA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-132SA	Vinyl chloride, 0.3-10 ppm range	Vinyl chloride, 10-250 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-4 strokes, 0.05-54 ppm range, uncertainty 6% for 1-6 ppm, 8% for 6-20 ppm	follow mfr instructions, approx 0.05-1% range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm [0.5 ppm Action Level]	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	1 ppm
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	5 ppm [15 minutes]	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1017, Vinyl chloride.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5210. Vinyl Chloride.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-K;A, IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A1		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 500 ppm/5000 ppm/20000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl Chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Lewis, R.: Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Occup. Med. 14(4): 719-741, 1999.
Huang, C.Y., Huang, K.L., Cheng, T.J., Wang, J.D. and Hsieh, L.L.: The GST T1 and CYP2E1 genotypes are possible factors causing vinyl chloride induced abnormal liver function. Arch. Toxicol.71(8): 482-488, 1997.
Li, Y., Marion, M.J., Ho, R., Cheng, T.J., Coulibaly, D., Rosal, R. and Brandt-Rauf, P.W.: Polymorphisms for vinyl chloride metabolism in French vinyl chloride workers. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 16(1): 55-59, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 05/03/2024

ETHYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-00-3
Formula	C₂H₅Cl
Synonyms	chloroethane; hydrochloric ether; monochloroethane; muriatic ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or liquid (below 54°F) with a pungent, ether-like odor.
Boiling point	54°F	Molecular weight	64.5
Freezing point/melting point	-218°F	Vapor pressure	1000 mmHg
Flash point	-58°F (liquid)	Vapor density	2.23
Specific gravity	0.92 (liquid at 32°F)	Ionization potential	10.97 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.4%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1110
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 CSC tubes in series (400/200 mg) [SKC 226-09]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.3-3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2519 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate front and back tubes before shipping
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 138	Miran 1A & 1B	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	250-10000 ppm range	1.3@10.6 µm	0-2000 ppm@12.82 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (2600 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	100 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (264 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3800 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2023

METHYL ACETYLENE (PROPYNE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-99-7
Formula	C₃H₄
Synonyms	allylene; propine; propyne; 1-propyne

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a sweet odor.
Boiling point	-10°F	Molecular weight	40.1
Freezing point/melting point	-153°F	Vapor pressure	5.2 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.41
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	10.36 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2.8 ppm@3.0 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm (EX) [1956]	PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: (EX) explosion hazard: the substance is a flammable asphyxiant or excursions above the TLV could approach 10% of the lower explosive limit.		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1700 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Propyne

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl acetylene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methylacetylene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

PROPANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-98-6
Formula	C₃H₈
Synonyms	bottled gas; dimethyl methane; n-propane; propyl hydride; LPG

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, odorless gas.
Boiling point	-44°F	Molecular weight	44.1
Freezing point/melting point	-306°F	Vapor pressure	8.4 atm at 70°F
Flash point	-156°F	Vapor density	1.55
Specific gravity	0.59 at -58°F	Ionization potential	11.07 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	9.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2150
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 tubes, ORBO™ 91 Carbosieve® S-III (130/65) in series [Supelco 20360]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2077 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	Combustible gas meter	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Hydrocarbons 0.1%/b, CH26101	Gastec 103	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-125SA		Propane, 100-2000 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	7-15 strokes, approx 0.5 vol-%-1.3 vol-% range, uncertainty 49%	0.5-2 strokes, 0.05-2.4% range, uncertainty 16%	follow mfr instructions, approx 0.02-0.5% range	NIOSH Manual of Analytic Methods (NIOSH S87), fully validated

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	Withdrawn [2013]	PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1. Propane is classified as a simple asphyxiant and exposure is also addressed in OSHA Construction and Maritime standards. For OSHA's construction regulations, see 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1: [E] The limiting factor is the available oxygen which shall be at least 19.5% and be within the requirements addressing explosion in 29 CFR 1926. For OSHA's maritime regulations, see 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards: [E] The limiting factor is the available oxygen which shall be at least 18% and be within the requirements addressing explosion in 29 CFR 1915, Subpart B.		Notes:		Notes: See Appendix F: Minimal Oxygen Content. Propane is listed as a simple asphyxiant and explosion hazard.		Notes: A number of gases and vapors, when present in high concentrations, act primarily as asphyxiants without other adverse effects. A concentration limit is not included for each material because the limiting factor is the available oxygen. (Several of these materials present fire or explosion hazards.)
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Propane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Propane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Propane. See annual publication for most recent information.
Fonseca, C.A., Auerbach, D.S. and Suarez, R.V.: The forensic investigation of propane gas asphyxiation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 23(2): 167-169, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

CHLOROBROMOMETHANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-97-5
Formula	CH₂BrCl
Synonyms	bromochloromethane; methylene chlorobromide; methylene bromochloride; mono-chloro-mono-bromo-methane; chloromethylbromide; CB; CBM; Halon 1011

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	155°F	Molecular weight	129.4
Freezing point/melting point	-124°F	Vapor pressure	115 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	4.46
Specific gravity	1.93	Ionization potential	10.77 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0627
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	60 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 136L; 136H; 136L	Gastec 135	Miran 1A	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	136LA 1-36 ppm; 136H 10-600 ppm; 136L 2.5-200 ppm	20-350 ppm range	0.7 ppm@8.4µm	0-400 ppm@8.1µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (1050 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	200 ppm (1050 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	200 ppm (1050 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-D		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Bromochloromethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorobromomethane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorobromomethane. See annual publication for most recent information.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Chlorobromomethane. 1978.

Last Updated Date : 04/30/2024

ETHYL BROMIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-96-4
Formula	C₂H₅Br
Synonyms	bromoethane; monobromoethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow liquid with an ether-like odor.
Boiling point	101°F	Molecular weight	109
Freezing point/melting point	-182°F	Vapor pressure	375 mmHg
Flash point	-10°F	Vapor density	3.76
Specific gravity	1.46	Ionization potential	10.29 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	6.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.0%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1090
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.5-4 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1011 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Organic vapor analyzer
Model/Type	Gastec 136L; 136H; 136L	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	136LA 1-36 ppm; 136H 10-600 ppm; 136L 2.5-200 ppm	0.8 ppm@8 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	200 ppm	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (22 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	250 ppm	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl bromide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl Bromide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl bromide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

METHYL MERCAPTAN (METHANETHIOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-93-1
Formula	CH₄S
Synonyms	mercaptomethane; methanethiol; methyl sulfhydrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a disagreeable odor like garlic or rotten cabbage.
Boiling point	42.7°F	Molecular weight	48.1
Freezing point/melting point	-189.4°F	Vapor pressure	1.7 atm
Flash point	0°F	Vapor density	1.66
Specific gravity	0.90 at 42.8°F	Ionization potential	9.44 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	21.8%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1643
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF (37 mm Gelman Type A) coated with mercuric acetate [SKC 225-9007]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	20 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA 26 (fully validated)
Notes	Protect samples from light until analysis.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tubes	Detector tubes	Detector tubes	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Mercaptan 0.1/a, 8103281; Mercaptan 0.5/a, 6728981; Mercaptan 20/a, 8101871	Gastec 70L, 70	Gastec 71, 71H	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-164SA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-164SH	Mercaptan, 0.25-6 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.1/a: 2 or 10 strokes, approx 0.1-15 ppm range, 0.5/a: 20 strokes, approx 0.2-5 ppm range, 20/a: 10 strokes, approx 5-100 ppm range. Uncertainty 16%	70L: 0.5-4 strokes. 70: 1-10 strokes, 0.2-120 ppm, 16% for 5-40 ppm, 8% for 40-120 ppm.	71: 0.5-10 strokes, 0.1-140 ppm range, uncertainty 16% for 2.5-20 ppm, 8% for 20-70 ppm. 71H: 0.5-2 strokes, 2-2700 ppm range, uncertainty 16% for 50-200 ppm, 8% for 200-1000 ppm.	follow mfr instructions, approx 5-140 ppm range	follow mfr instructions, approx 50-1000 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) [Construction and Maritime Industries only]	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [2003]	PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	10 ppm (20 mg/m³) [General Industry only]	REL-C	0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: The OSHA PEL applies to Construction and Maritime Industries only. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1, 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	150 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.005 ppm/25 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl mercaptan

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl mercaptan

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl mercaptan. See annual publication for most recent information.
(metabolism)
Levitt, M.D., Furne, J., Springfield, J., Suarez, F. and DeMaster, E.: Detoxification of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol in the cecal mucosa. J. Clin. Invest. 104(8): 1107-1114, 1999.
Picton, R., Eggo, M.C., Merrill, G.A., Langman, M.J.S. and Singh, S.: Mucosal protection against sulphide: importance of the enzyme rhodanese. Gut 50(2): 201-205, 2002.
(fatalities)
Litovitz, T.L., et al.: 2001 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20(5): 391-452, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 06/08/2022

HYDROGEN CYANIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-90-8
Formula	CHN
Synonyms	formonitrile; hydrocyanic acid; prussic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless or pale-blue liquid or gas (above 78°F) with a bitter, almond-like odor.
Boiling point	78°F (96%)	Molecular weight	27
Freezing point/melting point	7°F (96%)	Vapor pressure	630 mmHg
Flash point	0°F (96%)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.69	Ionization potential	13.60 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	5.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	40%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1440
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	SKC ULTRA II Hydrogen Cyanide Passive Sampler, Soda Lime, 600 mg [SKC 590-400]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	6.816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.0284 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA 1015 (fully validated)
Notes	If hydrogen sulfide is present at its PEL, there could be an interference and a thiocyanate peak will be seen at the same IC conditions ran for cyanide.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Cyanide 2/a, 6728791	Hydrocyanic acid, 2-50 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	10 strokes, approx 1-15 mg/m³ range, uncertainty 33-49%

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (11 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	4.7 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	4.7 ppm [1991]	PEL-C	4.7 ppm (5 mg/m³)
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-II		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/10 ppm/25 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hydrocyanic acid, aqueous solution, with not more than 20% hydrogen cyanide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hydrogen cyanide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hydrogen cyanide and cyanide salts, as CN. See annual publication for most recent information.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for Cyanide (Update). PHS, U.S. DHHS, Atlanta, GA, 1997.
U.S. EPA Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website: Cyanide Compounds.
Albin, R.L.: Basal ganglia neurotoxins. Neurol. Clin. 18(3): 665-680, 2000

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

METHYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-89-5
Formula	CH₅N
Synonyms	aminomethane; methylamine (anhydrous); methylamine (aqueous); monomethylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a fish- or ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	20.3°F	Molecular weight	31.1
Freezing point/melting point	-136°F	Vapor pressure	3.0 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.08
Specific gravity	0.693 at 20.3°F	Ionization potential	8.97 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	20.7%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1665
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-7 tube (80/40 mg) coated with 10% NBD chloride [SKC 226-96]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 40 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-222S	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1-40 ppm range	1.9 ppm@3.4 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (12 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (12 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (6.4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	15 ppm [2012]	PEL-STEL	15 ppm (19 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 10 ppm/100 ppm/500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methylamine, anhydrous

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methylamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methylamine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

VINYL FLUORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VINYL CHLORIDE (CHLOROETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ACETYLENE (PROPYNE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PROPANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLOROBROMOMETHANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL BROMIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL MERCAPTAN (METHANETHIOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HYDROGEN CYANIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References