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α-ALUMINA (ALUNDUM)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1344-28-1
Formula	Al₂O₃
Synonyms	aluminum oxide; alumina; aluminum trioxide [Note: α-Alumina is the main component of technical grade alumina. Corundum is natural Al₂O₃. Emery is an impure crystalline variety of Al₂O₃.]

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless, crystalline powder.
Boiling point	5396°F	Molecular weight	101.9
Freezing point/melting point	3632°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	4	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0160 (total); request using analyte code 9135	A201 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2007]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: Not established. See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs		Notes: as Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds		Notes: As Particulates not otherwise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Aluminum oxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - ⍺-Alumina

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds. See annual publication for most recent information.
Gilks, B. and Churg, A.: Aluminum-induced pulmonary fibrosis: do fibers play a role? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136(1): 176-179, 1987.
Höflich, B.L.W., et al.: Characterization of individual aerosol particles in workroom air of aluminium smelter potrooms. J. Environ. Monit. 7(5): 419-424, 2005.
Musk, A.W., et al.: Respiratory symptoms and lung function in alumina refinery employees. Occup. Environ. Med. 57(40): 279-283, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 453-454.
Schlesinger, R.B., Snyder, C.A., Chen, L.C., Gorczynski, J.E. and Ménache, M.: Clearance and translocation of aluminum oxide (alumina) from the lungs. Inhal. Toxicol. 12(10): 927-939, 2000.
Voisin, C., et al.: Mineralogical analysis of the respiratory tract in aluminum oxide-exposed workers. Eur. Respir. J. 9(9):1874-1879, 1996.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

α-NAPHTHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	134-32-7
Formula	C₁₀H₉N
Synonyms	1-aminonaphthalene; 1-naphthylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless crystals with an ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	573°F	Molecular weight	143.2
Freezing point/melting point	122°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at 220°F
Flash point	315°F	Vapor density	4.93
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential	7.30 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1815
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 93 (fully validated)
Notes	Within 10 hours after sampling, transfer filter to glass vial containing 2 mL deionized water.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	Ca	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1003, 13 Carcinogens.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A		Notes: Not established		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209. Carcinogens.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, NIOSH-Ca, OSHA-Ca		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - ⍺-Naphthylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - ⍺-naphthylamine

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

GYPSUM†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13397-24-5
Formula	CaSO . 2H₂O
Synonyms	calcium(II) sulfate dihydrate; gypsum stone; hydrated calcium sulfate; mineral white

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or nearly white, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	172.2
Freezing point/melting point	262-325°F (loses H₂O)	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.32	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1367 (total); request using analyte code 9135	G101 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA	10 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2005]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes: As Particulates not otherwise regulated, see footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Gypsum

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Gypsum

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Calcium sulfate. See annual publication for most recent information.
Oakes, D., Douglas, R., Knight, K., Wusterman, M. and McDonald, J.C.: Respiratory effects of prolonged exposure to gypsum dust. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 26(1-4): 833-840, 1982.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Calcium Sulfate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 472-474.

Last Updated Date : 12/29/2020

METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1338-23-4
Formula	C₈H₁₆O₄
Synonyms	2-butanone peroxide, MEKP, MEK peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Boiling point	244°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	176.2
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point	125-200°F for 60% MEKP (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1750
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-4 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-93]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 77 (fully validated)
Notes	Samples must be frozen immediately after collection. Ship frozen overnight and keep frozen until analysis.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.2 ppm [1992]	PEL-C	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxidase. See annual publication for most recent information.
Lefaux, R.: Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., p. 145, 1968.
Minamoto, K., Nagano, M., Inaoka, T., Futatsuka, M.: Allergic contact dermatitis due to methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cobalt naphthenate and acrylates in the manufacture of fiberglass-reinforced plastics. Contact Dermatitis. 46(1):58-9, Jan 2002.
NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. 2008.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1335-88-2
Formula	C₁₀H₄Cl₄
Synonyms	Halowax; Nibren wax; Seekay wax

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow solid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	599-680°F	Molecular weight	265.9
Freezing point/melting point	360°F	Vapor pressure	<1 mmHg
Flash point	410°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.59-1.65	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³	REL-TWA	2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Tetrachloronaphthalene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Tetrachloronaphthalene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Tetrachloronaphthalene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

CARBON BLACK†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1333-86-4
Formula	C
Synonyms	channel black; lamp black; furnace black; thermal black; acetylene black

Physical Properties
Physical description	Black, odorless solid or a dark colored liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
Boiling point	sublimes	Molecular weight	12.0
Freezing point/melting point	sublimes	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0527
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA ID-196 (partially validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period. If polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to be present, take and submit separate samples on glass fiber filters per OSHA Method 58.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling	CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³, 0.1 mg PAHs/m³ (carbon black in the presence of PAHs)	TLV-TWA	PEL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	PEL-C
Skin notation		Skin notation		Skin notation	Skin notation
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: IDENTIFIED AS A CARCINOGEN (Ca) IN THE PRESENCE OF PAH; See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data	Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1750 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca (in presence of PAH's), TLV-A3		Notes: Ca in presence of PAHs
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon black oil

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon black

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbon Black. See annual publication for most recent information.
Driscoll, KE, Carter, JM, Howard, BW et al.: Pulmonary inflammatory, chemokine, and mutagenic responses in rats after subchronic inhalation of carbon black. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 136:372-380, 1996.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Diesel Exhaust. 2003.
Heinrich, U, Fuhst, R, Rittinghausen, S et al.: Chronic inhalation exposure of Wistar rats and two different strains of mice to diesel engine exhaust, carbon black, and titanium dioxide. Inhal Toxicol. 7:533-556, 1995.
IARC: Monograph 93 - Carbon Black. 2010.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Black. 1978.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Carbon Black.
Nikula, KJ, Snipes, MB, Barr, EB et al.: Comparative pulmonary toxicities and carcinogenicities of chronically inhaled diesel exhaust and carbon black in F344 rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 25:80-94, 1995.

Last Updated Date : 04/08/2024

CHROMIC ACID & CHROMATES‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7738-94-5 (Chromic Acid), 18540-29-9 (Cr VI), 7788-98-9, 7789-09-5, 12231-18-4, 12000-34-9, 10294-40-3, 54692-53-4, 1344-38-3, 13765-19-0, 14986-48-2, 12324-08-2, 12324-05-9, 14977-61-8, 8049-64-7, 7758-97-6, 1344-37-2, 7789-00-6, 7778-50-9, 7775-11-3, 12018-32-5, 10588-01-9, 7789-06-2, 54322-60-0, 12656-85-8, 14675-41-3, 13530-65-9, 1328-67-2, 1308-13-0, 66516-58-3, 15930-94-6, 12206-12-1, 37809-34-0, 12527-08-1, 11103-86-9
Formula	H2CrO4 (Chromic Acid) and various others
Synonyms	chromic acid, chromic anhydride, chromic oxide, chromium(VI) oxide (1:3), chromium trioxide, ammonium chromate, ammonium dichromate, barium chromate, basic lead chromate, calcium chromate, chromium [VI] chloride, chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, lead chromate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, strontium chromate, molybdenum orange, zinc chromate, zinc chromate hydroxides, zinc potassium chromates (hydroxides)

Physical Properties
Physical description	CrO₃: Dark-red, odorless flakes or powder.
Boiling point	482°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	100.0
Freezing point/melting point	387°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	very low
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.70	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction	OX- Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0689	0689 - WIPE
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	For Welding and Painting Operations use Hexavalent Chromium Filters and Cassettes (37 mm PVC) [SLTC104] or (25 mm PVC) [SLTC105] [SLTC104]; For Plating Operations use 37 mm Quartz Fiber Filter coated with 1% NaOH [SLTC106] [SLTC106]	Hexavalent Chromium Filters (For Wipe Samples Only) [SLTC107]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC	IC-UV
Method reference	OSHA ID-215v.2 (fully validated)	OSHA W4001 (fully validated)
Notes	All samples taken for CHROMIUM VI COMPOUNDS should be shipped to the OSHA SLTC within 24 hours after sampling by overnight delivery for stabilization and analysis.	All samples taken for CHROMIUM VI COMPOUNDS should be shipped to the OSHA SLTC within 24 hours after sampling by overnight delivery for stabilization and analysis.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	See the "Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA" section above for details.
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 µg/m³ [2.5 µg/m³ Action Level] (as CrVI)	REL-TWA	0.0002 mg/m³ (8-hr TWA, as Cr)	TLV-TWA	0.0002 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]	PEL-TWA	0.005 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	0.0005 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]	PEL-STEL	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1026, Chromium (VI). OSHA's chromium (VI) standard applies to all occupational exposures to any chromium species with a valence of positive six, regardless of form or compound, including chromates and chromic acid. OSHA has established a ceiling value of 1 mg/10m³ for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in §1910.1026 are stayed or otherwise not in effect. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: skin, dermal sensitizer (DSEN), respiratory sensitizer (RSEN) (for water-soluble compounds)		Notes: See Sections 1532.2, 5206 & 8359.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	15 mg/m³ (as Cr VI)
Carcinogenic classifications: NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K (hexavalent compounds) TLV-A1		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromic acid, solid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chromic acid and chromates

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromium trioxide, anhydrous.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium, [7440-47-3] and inorganic compounds. See annual publication for most recent information.
ANSI: American Standard Allowable Concentration of Chromic Acid and Chromates. January 6, 1942 (reaffirmed January 27, 1971).
ATSDR: Toxicological profile for chromium. September 2012.
Gomes E.: Incidence of chromium-induced lesions among electroplating workers in Brazil. Ind Med 41(12):21-25. 1972.
NIOSH: Draft Criteria Document Update - Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. September 2008.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Chemical Hazards - Chromic Acid and Chromates. September 1978.
OSHA: Standard Interpretation - Enforcement of the Chromate and Chromic Acid PEL. April 8, 1991 (edited on March 25, 2008).
Wang, T.C., Jia, G., Song, Y.S., Zhang, J., Ma, Y.H., Feng, W.Y., Liu, L.Z., Zhang, N., Zhou, J.W., Yan, L., Zhen, S., Qian, Q.: Effects of chronic chromate exposure on human serum prostate specific antigen: a cross sectional study. Ind Health. 50(2):95-102, 2012.

Last Updated Date : 11/29/2022

KAOLIN†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1332-58-7
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	China clay; clay; hydrated aluminum silicate; hydrite; porcelain clay

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellowish or grayish powder. Odorless.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	varies
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.8-2.6	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1568 (total); request using analyte code 9135	K100 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³(respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA	2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [1990]	PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³ (respirable dust)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: The value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica.		Notes: Containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica)
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Kaolin

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Kaolin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Kaolin. See annual publication for most recent information.
Altekruse, E.B., Chaudhary, B.A., Pearson, M.G. and Morgan, W.K.: Kaolin dust concentrations and pneumoconiosis at a kaolin mine. Thorax 39(6): 436-441, 1984.
Chaudhary, B.A., Kanes, G.J. and Pool, W.H.: Pleural thickening in mild kaolinosis. South. Med. J. 90(11): 1106-1109, 1997.
Levin, J.L., Frank, A.L., Williams, M.G., McConnell, W., Suzuki, Y. and Dodson, R.F.: Kaolinosis in a cotton mill worker. Am. J. Ind. Med. 29(2): 215-221, 1996.

Last Updated Date : 01/04/2021

DI-N-HEXYL PHTHALATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	84-75-3
Formula	C₂₀H₃₀O₄
Synonyms	phthalic acid di-n-hexyl ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow-brown oily viscous liquid with a slight aromatic odor.
Boiling point	662°F at 735 mmHg	Molecular weight	334.5
Freezing point/melting point	"-72°F"	Vapor pressure
Flash point	350°F	Vapor density	11.5
Specific gravity	0.995	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	D700
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-Tenax®) - 13 mm Tenax® tube (140/70 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-56]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2076 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Di-n-hexyl phthalate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/18/2018

ASBESTOS, ALL FORMS‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1332-21-4, [12172-67-7 (Ferroactinolite asbestos), 17068-78-9 (Anthophyllite asbestos), 12172-73-5 (Amosite asbestos), 12001-29-5 (Chrysotile asbestos), 12001-28-4 (Crocidolite asbestos), 14567-73-8 (Tremolite asbestos)]
Formula	chrysotile Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ crocidolite Na₂Fe₃ ²⁺Fe₂ ³⁺Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ Amosite (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂₂ tremolite-actinolite series Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ anthophyllite (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Synonyms	actinolite; Amosite (cummingtonite-grunerite); anthophyllite, chrysotile; crocidolite (riebeckite); tremolite

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or greenish (chrysotile), blue (crocidolite), or gray-green (amosite) fibrous, odorless solids.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	varies
Freezing point/melting point	dehydroxylates at 550-750°C (1,022-1,382°F)	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	9020
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns (25 mm), with electrically conductive 50 mm extension cowl [GCS25080]
Sampling time^*	30-480 min (120 recommended)
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	25-2400 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.5-2.5 L/min, 0.5-5.0 L/min (Maritime)
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	48 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1.6 L/min
Analytical method instruments	PCM
Method reference	OSHA ID-160 (fully validated)
Notes	Adjust to give 100-1300 fiber/mm. Do not request multiple analytes. Do not overload. If dust is high, reduce air volume to avoid overloading. A minimum of 2 blanks or 10% of the number of samples are required for every set.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe sampling is not recommended - Contact SLTC if there is a question
Bulk Method	See OSHA ID-191 - take samples using 20 mL scintillation vials. Do not use plastic bags. Send to SLTC in separate packaging from air samples.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 fiber/cm³, 1.0 fiber/cm³ [Excursion Limit 30 min]	REL-TWA	Lowest feasible concentration. 0.1 fiber/cm³ for fibers >5 µm	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.1 fiber/cm³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	1 fiber/cm³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1001, Asbestos.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens. Also see Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data See footnote (F) for additional information		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-A, IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A1		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Asbestos

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Asbestos

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Asbestos, all forms. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA: Hazard Summary - Asbestos
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Asbestos, All Forms. See annual publication for most recent information.
Camargo MC, Stayner LT, Straif K, Reina M, Al-Alem U, Demers PA, Landrigan PJ: Occupational exposure to asbestos and ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 119(9):1211-7, September 2011.
Clin B, Morlais F, Launoy G, Guizard AV, Dubois B, Bouvier V, Desoubeaux N, Marquignon MF, Raffaelli C, Paris C, Galateau-Salle F, Guittet L, Letourneux M: Cancer incidence within a cohort occupationally exposed to asbestos: a study of dose-response relationships. Occup Environ Med. 68(11):832-6, November 2011.
Harding AH, Darnton A, Wegerdt J, McElvenny D: Mortality among British asbestos workers undergoing regular medical examinations (1971-2005). Occup Environ Med. 66(7):487-95, July 2009.
NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Asbestos. 1988.
OSHA: Occupational Exposure to Asbestos. 1994.
Ramroth H, Ahrens W, Dietz A, Becher H: Occupational asbestos exposure as a risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma in a population-based case-control study from Germany. Am J Ind Med. 54(7):510-4, July 2011.

Last Updated Date : 04/03/2024

α-ALUMINA (ALUNDUM)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

α-NAPHTHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

GYPSUM†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBON BLACK†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHROMIC ACID & CHROMATES‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

KAOLIN†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DI-N-HEXYL PHTHALATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ASBESTOS, ALL FORMS‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References