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THIRAM†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	137-26-8
Formula	C₆H₁₂N₂S₄
Synonyms	bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide; tetramethylthiuram disulfide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor.
Boiling point	264°F at 20 mmHg	Molecular weight	240.44
Freezing point/melting point	312°F	Vapor pressure	0.000008 mmHg
Flash point	280°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.43	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2427
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	PTFE filter, 1 µm [SKC 225-2705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10-400 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-4 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	NIOSH 5005 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2007]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Thiram

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Thiram

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Thiram. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

METHYL 2-CYANOACRYLATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	137-05-3
Formula	C₅H₅NO₂
Synonyms	mecrylate; methyl cyanoacrylate; methyl ⍺-cyanoacrylate; methyl ester of 2-cyanoacrylic acid; 2-propenoic acid-2-cyano-methyl ester; methyl ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic odor.
Boiling point	117-120°F at 1.8 mmHg	Molecular weight	111.1
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	0.2 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	174°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.1044 at 81°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1735
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-7 tube (80/40 mg) coated with 10% NBD chloride [SKC 226-96]
Sampling time^*	120 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 55 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	2 ppm (8 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.2 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.908 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	4 ppm (16 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	1 ppm [2017]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN), respiratory sensitization (RSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Cyanoacrylates, Ethyl [7085-85-0] and Methyl [137-05-3] . See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

CRAG® HERBICIDE (SESONE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	136-78-7
Formula	C₆H₃Cl₂OCH₂CH₂OSO₃Na
Synonyms	Crag herbicide No. 1; 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl sodium sulfate; Sesone; Ethanol, 2- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy), hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt; 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl sodium sulfate; disul-sodium; sodium 2,4-dichlorophenyl cellosolve sulfate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white crystalline, odorless solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	309.1
Freezing point/melting point	473°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	0.1 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.7	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0737 (total); request using analyte code 9135	C149 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!	Media must be preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable)	TLV-TWA	10 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Crag® herbicide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Crag® herbicide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sesone. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bradberry, S.M., Proudfoot, A.T. and Vale, J.A.: Poisoning due to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Toxicol. Rev. 23(2): 65-73, 2004.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 2,4-DES-Sodium. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 756-758.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

N-PHENYL-β-NAPHTHYLAMINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	135-88-6
Formula	C₁₆H₁₃N
Synonyms	2-anilinonaphthalene; -naphthylphenylamine; PBNA; 2-phenylaminonaphthalene; n-phenyl-2-naphthylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellow crystals or gray to tan flakes or powder.
Boiling point	743°F	Molecular weight	219.29
Freezing point/melting point	226°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.24	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	N606
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	3-piece opaque cassettes, each containing 2 extra thick GFFs (25 mm) treated with 10 mg of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [No longer available]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 96 (fully validated)
Notes	This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens. *Note: Since metabolized to β-Naphthylamine.		Notes: Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible.		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A4		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - N-Phenyl-β-naphthylamine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

TELLURIUM METAL & COMPOUNDS†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13494-80-9
Formula	Te
Synonyms	aurum paradoxum; metallum problematum

Physical Properties
Physical description	Odorless, dark-gray to brown, amorphous powder or grayish-white, brittle solid.
Boiling point	1814°F	Molecular weight	127.6
Freezing point/melting point	842°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	6.24	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2330
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	10-30 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results are provided for the presence and amount or concentration of a specific element or elements. The stated identity of the actual sample contents (such as specific form, valence state, or compound) is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: The REL also applies to other tellurium compounds (as Te) except Tellurium hexafluoride and Bismuth telluride.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Tellurium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Tellurium

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Tellurium [13494-80-9] and compounds (NOS), as Te, excluding hydrogen telluride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

3-CARENE (δ-3-CARENE)

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13466-78-9
Formula	C₁₀H₁₆
Synonyms	isodiprene; δ-3-carene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Liquid
Boiling point	175-178°C	Molecular weight	136.24
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.86	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	R266
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1552 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	20 ppm [2001]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN)		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 2017.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

TITANIUM DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-67-7
Formula	TiO₂
Synonyms	anatase; brookite; rutile; titanium oxide; titanium peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless powder.
Boiling point	4532-5432°F	Molecular weight	79.9
Freezing point/melting point	3326-3362°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	4.26	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2440 (total); request using analyte code 9135
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the Salt Lake Technical Center will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for titanium dioxide from titanium is 1.668. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	Nanoscale particles: 0.2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2021] Finescale particles: 2.5 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2021]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.2 mg/m³). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens. See also NIOSH Intelligence Bulletin 63.		Notes:		Notes: As Particulates not othewise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Titanium dioxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Titanium dioxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Titanium dioxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Litovitz, T.L., et al.: 2001 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20(5): 391-452, 2002.
Fryzek, J.P., et al.: A cohort mortality study among titanium dioxide manufacturing workers in the United States. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 45(4): 400-409, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

IRON PENTACARBONYL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-40-6
Formula	C₅FeO₅
Synonyms	iron carbonyl; pentacarbonyl iron

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow to dark-red, oily liquid.
Boiling point	217°F at 749 mmHg	Molecular weight	195.9
Freezing point/melting point	-5.8°F	Vapor pressure	40 mmHg at 86.54°F
Flash point	5°F	Vapor density	6.74
Specific gravity	1.457 at 69.8°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.8 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.2 ppm (0.45 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	0.2 ppm [1979]	PEL-STEL	0.2 ppm (1.6 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Iron pentacarbonyl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Iron pentacarbonyl [13463-40-6], as Fe. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

NICKEL CARBONYL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-39-3
Formula	Ni(CO)₄
Synonyms	nickel tetracarbonyl; tetracarbonyl nickel

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow liquid with a musty odor.
Boiling point	110°F	Molecular weight	170.75
Freezing point/melting point	-2.2°F	Vapor pressure	315 mmHg
Flash point	<-11.2°F	Vapor density	5.89
Specific gravity	1.32 at 63°F	Ionization potential	8.28 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	0.05 mg/m³ [2013]	PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, EPA-B2, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nickel carbonyl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nickel carbonyl

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Nickel carbonyl, as Ni. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Nickel Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Berge, S.R. and Skyberg, K.: Radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis and possible etiologic factors at a nickel refinery in Norway. J. Environ. Monit. 5(4): 681-688, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Nickel Carbonyl. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1671-1673.
Scott, L.K., Grier, L.R., Arnold, T.C. and Conrad, S.A.: Respiratory failure from inhalational nickel carbonyl exposure treated with continuous high-volume hemofiltration and disulfiram. Inhal. Toxicol. 14(11): 1103-1109, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

CALCIUM SILICATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1344-95-2
Formula	CaSiO₃
Synonyms	calcium hydrosilicate; calcium metasilicate; calcium monosilicate; calcium salt of silicic acid; calsium silicate (synthetic); See also, Wollastonite (mineral form) [CAS no. 13983-17-0].

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or cream colored, free flowing powder. (Note: The commercial product is prepared from diatomaceous earth and lime.)
Boiling point		Molecular weight	116.2
Freezing point/melting point	2804°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.9	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C112 (total); request using analyte code 9135	C122 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations.	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data insufficient data		Notes: See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Wollastonite

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Calcium silicate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Appendix G: Substances Whose Adopted Documentation and TLVs Were Withdrawn For a Variety of Reasons, Including Insufficient Data, Regrouping, Etc. Calcium silicate, synthetic nonfibrous. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/09/2024

THIRAM†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL 2-CYANOACRYLATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CRAG® HERBICIDE (SESONE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-PHENYL-β-NAPHTHYLAMINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TELLURIUM METAL & COMPOUNDS†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

3-CARENE (δ-3-CARENE)

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TITANIUM DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

IRON PENTACARBONYL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NICKEL CARBONYL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CALCIUM SILICATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References