Occupational Safety and Health Administration

BROMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7726-95-6
Formula	Br₂
Synonyms	molecular bromine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Dark reddish-brown, fuming liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes.
Boiling point	139°F	Molecular weight	159.8
Freezing point/melting point	19°F	Vapor pressure	172 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	5.51
Specific gravity	3.1023	Ionization potential	10.55 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0390
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 10 mL 0.003 M NaHCO₃/0.0024 M Na₂CO₃ - Bromine Sampling Solution [SLTC110SOL]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.5 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-108 (fully validated)
Notes	These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.
Special requirements	Submit as a separate sample.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-114	Gastec 8LA
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	follow mfr instructions, approx 1-20 ppm range	4 strokes, 0.05-0.8 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.3 ppm (2 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.1 ppm/0.5 ppm/5 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Bromine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Bromine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Bromine. See annual publication for most recent information.
(RADS following bromine exposure) Burns, M.J. and Linden, C.H.: Another hot tub hazard. Toxicity secondary to bromine and hydrobromic acid exposure. Chest 111(3): 816-819, 1997.
Woolf, A. and Shannon, M.: Reactive airways dysfunction and systemic complaints after mass exposure to bromine. Environ. Health Perspect. 107(6): 507-507, 1999.
(bromination of lung proteins) Wu, W., Samoszuk, M.K., Comhair, S.A., Thomassen, M.J., Farver, C.F., Dweik, R.A., Kavuru, M.S., Erzurum, S.C. and Hazen, S.L.: Eosinophils generate brominating oxidants in allergen-induced asthma. J. Clin. Invest. 105(10): 1455-1463, 2000.
Aldridge, R.E., Chan, T., van Dalen, C.J., Senthilmohan, R., Winn, M., Venge, P., Town, G.I. and Kettle, A.J.: Eosinophil peroxidase produces hypobromous acid in the airways of stable asthmatics. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 33(6): 847-856, 2002.
(burns from bromine) Singer, A., Sagi, A., Ben Meir, P. and Rosenberg, L.: Chemical burns: our 10-year experience. Burns 18(3): 250-252, 1992.

Last Updated Date : 04/03/2024

PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7723-14-0; 12185-10-3
Formula	P₄
Synonyms	elemental phosphorus; white phosphorus

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellow, soft, waxy solid with acrid fumes in air.
Boiling point	536°F	Molecular weight	123.89
Freezing point/melting point	111.4°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.82	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2090
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tenax® GC tube (100/50 mg) [Supelco 20832-U]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	5-100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	NIOSH 7905 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phosphorus, white, dry or under water or in solution

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phosphorus (yellow)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phosphorus (yellow). See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7722-84-1
Formula	H₂O₂
Synonyms	high-strength hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen dioxide; hydrogen peroxide (aqueous); hydroperoxide; peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a slightly sharp odor.
Boiling point	286°F	Molecular weight	34
Freezing point/melting point	12°F	Vapor pressure	5 mmHg at 86°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.39	Ionization potential	10.54 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1470
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	(2) 25 mm quartz filters coated with titanium oxysulfate [SKC 225-9030]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	30 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	UV-VIS
Method reference	OSHA 1019 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Hydrogen Peroxide 0.1/a, 8101041	Gastec 32	Hydrogen peroxide, 0.2-2 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	20 strokes, approx 0.05-3 ppm range, uncertainty approx 25%.	5 strokes, 0.1-10 ppm range, uncertainty 16% for 0.5-2 ppm, 8% for 4-10 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (1.4 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (1.4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (1.4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	75 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 10 ppm/50 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution, stabilized, with more than 60% hydrogen peroxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hydrogen peroxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hydrogen peroxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Ashdown, B.C., Stricof, D.D., May, M.L., Sherman, S.J. and Carmody, R.F.: Hydrogen peroxide poisoning causing brain infarction: neuroimaging findings. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 170(6):1653-5, 1998.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Hydrogen Peroxide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1286-1288.
Vander Heide, S.J. and Seamon, J.P.: Resolution of delayed altered mental status associated with hydrogen peroxide ingestion following hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Acad. Emerg. Med. 10(9): 998-1000, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7719-12-2
Formula	PCl₃
Synonyms	phosphorus chloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow, fuming liquid with an odor like hydrochloric acid.
Boiling point	169°F	Molecular weight	137.35
Freezing point/melting point	-170°F	Vapor pressure	100 mmHg at 69.8°F
Flash point		Vapor density	4.75
Specific gravity	1.58	Ionization potential	9.91 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2093
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 15 mL Distilled Water [Infrequently Requested Method - OSHA staff please contact SLTC before sampling 801-233-5100]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	11-100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	UV-VIS
Method reference	NIOSH 6402 (partially validated)
Notes	Ship in sealed bubblers.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (3 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.2 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.5 ppm (3 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	0.5 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	0.5 ppm (3 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.5 ppm/3 ppm/15 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phosphorus trichloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phosphorus trichloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phosphorus trichloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Kapias, T. and Griffiths, R.F.: Spill behavior using REACTPOOL. Part III. Results for accidental releases of phosphorus trichloride (PCl(3)) and oxychloride (POCl (3)) and general discussion. J. Hazard. Mater. 81(3): 223-249, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

THIONYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7719-09-7
Formula	Cl₂OS
Synonyms	sulfinyl chloride; sulfur chloride oxide; sulfurous dichloride; sulfurous oxychloride; thionyl dichloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow to reddish liquid with a pungent odor like sulfur dioxide.
Boiling point	169°F	Molecular weight	119.0
Freezing point/melting point	-156°F	Vapor pressure	100 mmHg at 70°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.64	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.2 ppm [2009]	PEL-C	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.2 ppm/2 ppm/10 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Thionyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Thionyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Thionyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

NITRIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7697-37-2
Formula	HNO₃
Synonyms	aqua fortis; spirit of niter; engravers acid; white fuming nitric acid (WFNA); red fuming nitric acid (RFNA); hydrogen nitrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, yellow, or red, fuming liquid with an acrid, suffocating odor.
Boiling point	181°F	Molecular weight	63
Freezing point/melting point	-44°F	Vapor pressure	48 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.5	Ionization potential	11.95 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0, 1 (red fuming)	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1860
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 53 activated silica gel tube [Supelco 20265]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	96 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-165SG (partially validated)
Notes	Nitric and hydrobromic (HBr) acids may be submitted on the same sample (TWA only). For STEL samples, submit as a separate sample. Make sure that glass fiber filter plug is firmly in contact with silica gel before sampling and before sealing tube for shipment. Interferences: particulate acids and salts of an anion. Large quantities of any one of the analytes can result in masking of the peaks of other analytes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Nitric Acid 1/a, 6728311	Gastec 15L	Gastec 80	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-233S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	10 or 20 strokes, approx 1-50 ppm range, uncertainty 16%	0.5-10 strokes, 0.05-40 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 1 to 5 ppm, 16% for 5 to 20 ppm	2 strokes, 2.5-200 ppm range	follow mfr instructions, approx 1-20 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	4 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/10 ppm/78 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nitric acid (other than red fuming)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nitric acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) – Nitric Acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Litovitz, T.L. et al.: 2001 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20(5): 391-452, 2002.
Murphy, CM, Akbarnia, H, and Rose, SR: Fatal pulmonary edema after acute occupational exposure to nitric acid. J Emerg Med. 39(1): 39-43, 2010.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Nitric Acid. September 1978.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Nitric Acid. March 1976.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

N-ISOPROPYLANILINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	768-52-5
Formula	C₉H₁₃N
Synonyms	N-IPA; isopropylaniline; N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenamine; N-phenylisopropylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, yellowish liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor.
Boiling point	397°F	Molecular weight	135.21
Freezing point/melting point	-58°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	190°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.93 at 60°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	A636
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 78 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	2 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Isopropylaniline

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Isopropylaniline

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - N-Isopropylaniline. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

SODIUM METABISULFITE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7681-57-4; 7757-74-6
Formula	H₂O₅S₂.₂Na
Synonyms	disodium pyrosulfite; sodium metabisulphite; sodium pyrosulfite

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellowish crystals or powder with a slight odor of sulfur.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	190.1
Freezing point/melting point	>302°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.4	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	S112
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for sodium metabisulfite from sodium is 4.135. Analysis for this analyte is based on water solubility.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium metabisulfite

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium metabisulfite

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sodium metabisulfite. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

SULFURIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-93-9
Formula	H₂SO₄
Synonyms	battery acid; hydrogen sulfate; oil of vitriol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to dark-brown, oily, odorless liquid.
Boiling point	554°F	Molecular weight	98.1
Freezing point/melting point	51°F	Vapor pressure	0.001 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	3.4
Specific gravity	1.84 (96-98% acid)	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2310
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-113 (partially validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. Within 1 hour after sampling, transfer the filter to a clean screw cap vial. Phosphoric and sulfuric acid may be submitted on the same filter. Large quantities of any one of the analytes can result in masking of the peaks of other analytes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm). [AAWP03700]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Sulphuric Acid 1/a, 6728781	Gastec 35
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	100 strokes, 1-5 mg/m³ range, uncertainty 49%	10 strokes, 0.2-5 mg/m³ range, uncertainty 16% for 0.5-2 mg/m³, 8% for 3-5 mg/m³

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.2 mg/m³ (thoracic particulate matter) [2000]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	3 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	15 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, TLV-A2, NTP-K (All refer to strong and inorganic acid mists contianing sulfuric acid)		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 2 mg/m³/10 mg/m³/120 mg/m³

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sulfuric acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sulfuric acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sulfuric acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
IARC Monographs Strong Acid Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid, 100-F, 2011 .
Lai, M.W., et al.: 2005 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poisoning and Exposure Database. Clinical Toxicology. 40: 803-932, 2006.
NTP Report on Carcinogens Strong Inorganic Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Sulfuric Acid. September 1978.
Suyama, Y., Takaku, S., Okawa, Y, Matsukubo, T.: Dental erosion in workers exposed to sulfuric acid in lead storage battery manufacturing facility. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 51(2):77-83, 2010.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

AMMONIA†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-41-7
Formula	NH₃
Synonyms	anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. Often used in aqueous solution.
Boiling point	-28°F	Molecular weight	17
Freezing point/melting point	-107.9°F	Vapor pressure	8.5 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	0.6
Specific gravity	0.6818 at -28.03°F	Ionization potential	10.18 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	15%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	28%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0170
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Sulfuric acid impregnated carbon bead tube [Supelco 20036]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-188 (fully validated)
Notes	Known interferences with the ammonium ion by IC with the current conditions: Methyl- and dimethylamine, mono- and diethanolamine, iso- and propanolamine
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 3LA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-105SC	Dräger - Ammonia 5/a, CH20501	Ammonia, 0.2-5 ppm range; Ammonia, 2-50 ppm range	Ammonia, 10-150 ppm range	Ammonia, 100-2000 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-2 strokes, 0.5-200 ppm range, 16.4% for 5-20 ppm, 8.2%; for 20-100 ppm uncertainty	10-260 ppm range, follow mfr instructions	10 strokes, 1-70 ppm range, 25% uncertainty

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (35 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	25 ppm (18 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	25 ppm (17 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	35 ppm (27 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	35 ppm (27 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 25 ppm/150 ppm/1500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ammonia

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ammonia

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ammonia. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Ammonia. September 2004.
Holness, D.L., J.T. Purdham and J.R. Nethercott: Acute and chronic respiratory effects of occupational exposure to ammonia. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 50: 646-650, 1989.
NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ammonia. 1992.
Schulze, A et al.: Effects on pulmonary health of neighboring residents of concentrated animal feeding operations: exposure assessed using optimized estimation technique. Arch Environ Occup Health. 66(3): 146-154, 2011.

Last Updated Date : 03/28/2024

BROMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

THIONYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NITRIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-ISOPROPYLANILINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SODIUM METABISULFITE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SULFURIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

AMMONIA†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References