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DICHLOROETHYL ETHER†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	111-44-4
Formula	C₄H₈Cl₂O
Synonyms	bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether; 2,2'-dichloroethyl ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a chlorinated solvent-like odor.
Boiling point	352°F	Molecular weight	143
Freezing point/melting point	-58°F	Vapor pressure	0.7 mmHg
Flash point	131°F	Vapor density	4.93
Specific gravity	1.22	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0880
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1004 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.09 ppm@9.0 µm	0-25 ppm@8.85 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1985]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	10 ppm (60 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	10 ppm [1985]	PEL-STEL	10 ppm (60 mg/m³)
PEL-C	15 ppm (90 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3; NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A4		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dichloroethyl ether

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dichloroethyl ether. See annual publication for most recent information.
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123, (January 1981). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

DIETHANOLAMINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	111-42-2
Formula	C₄H₁₁NO₂
Synonyms	DEA; di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-dihydroxydiethyamine; diolamine; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-iminodiethanol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless crystals or a syrupy, white liquid (above 82°F) with a mild, ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	516°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	105.2
Freezing point/melting point	82°F	Vapor pressure	<0.01 mmHg
Flash point	279°F	Vapor density	3.65
Specific gravity	1.1	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	9.8%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	D129
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (80/40) coated with 10% 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (NITC) [SKC 226-30-18]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA PV2018 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	3 ppm (15 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2008]	PEL-TWA	0.46 ppm (2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diethanolamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diethanolamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Diethanolamine. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Diethanolamine. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Diethanolamine.
Mathews, J.M., Garner, C.E. and Matthews, H.B.: Metabolism, bioaccumulation, and incorporation of diethanolamine into phospholipids. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8(5): 625-633, 1995.
Mirer, F.: Updated epidemiology of workers exposed to metalworking fluids provides sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 18(11):902-912, 2003.
National Toxicology Program: NTP Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of diethanolamine (CAS No. 111-42-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 478: 1-212, 1999.
Piipari, R., et al.: Diethanolamine-induced occupational asthma, a case report. Clin. Exp. Allergy 28(3): 358-362, 1998.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Diethanolamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 860-862.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

DIETHYLENETRIAMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	111-40-0
Formula	C₄H₁₃N₃
Synonyms	N-(2-aminoethyl)1,2-ethanediamine; bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; DETA; 2,2'-diaminodiethylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	405°F	Molecular weight	103.2
Freezing point/melting point	-38°F	Vapor pressure	0.4 mmHg
Flash point	208°F	Vapor density	3.48
Specific gravity	0.96	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0921
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (80/40) coated with 10% 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (NITC) [SKC 226-30-18]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA 60 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1985]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	10 ppm (42 mg/m³) (Construction and Maritime only)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: The OSHA PEL applies to Construction and Maritime Industries only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diethylenetriamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diethylenetriamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Diethylene triamine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 06/03/2022

GLUTARALDEHYDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	111-30-8
Formula	C₅H₈O₂
Synonyms	glutaric dialdehyde; 1,5-pentanedial

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Boiling point	369-372°	Molecular weight	100.1
Freezing point/melting point	7°F	Vapor pressure	17 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.10	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1361
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (open-faced) in 1 cassette separated by a spacer. GFFs are coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and phosphoric acid. [SKC 225-9019]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA 64 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.05 ppm [1998]	PEL-C	0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes: See Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits (Aldehydes).		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN), respiratory sensitizer (RSEN)		Notes: See footnote [t].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.2 ppm/1 ppm/5 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Glutaraldehyde solution

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Glutaraldehyde

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Glutaraldehyde [111-30-8], activated or unactivated. See annual publication for most recent information.
California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board: Initial and Final Statement of Reasons. July 6, 2006.
NIOSH: Skin Notation Profiles - Glutaraldehyde. April 2011.
NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). NIOSH Publication No. 92-100. (1992).
Shaffer, M.P. and Delsito, D.V.: Allergic contact dermatitis from glutaraldehyde in health-care workers. Contact Dermatitis 43(3): 150-156, 2000.
Zeiger E, Gollapudi B, Spencer P: Genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of glutaraldehyde—a review. Mutat Res. 589(2):136-51. March 2005.

Last Updated Date : 12/29/2020

2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE (CELLOSOLVE ACETATE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	111-15-9
Formula	C₆H₁₂O₃
Synonyms	2-ethoxyethyl acetate; cellosolve acetate; EGEEA; ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; glycol monoethyl ether acetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Boiling point	313°F	Molecular weight	132.2
Freezing point/melting point	-79°F	Vapor pressure	2 mmHg
Flash point	135°F	Vapor density	4.72
Specific gravity	0.98	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.7%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1037
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 53 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (540 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.5 ppm (2.7 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1981]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (27 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate. See annual publication for most recent information.
MMWR: Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and their acetates. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 41(21): 386, 1992.
Dugard, P.H., Walker, M., Mawdsley, S.J. and Scott, R.C.: Absorption of some glycol ethers through human skin in vitro. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 193-197, 1984.
Johnson, W., Jr., Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel: Final report on the safety assessment of ethoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol acetate. Int. J. Toxicol. 21(Suppl. 1): 9-62, 2002.
Nelson, B.K., et al.: Comparative inhalation teratogenicity of four glycol ether solvents and an amino derivative in rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 261-271, 1984.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1037-1039.
Söhnlein, B., Letzel, S., Weltle, D., Rüdiger, H.W. and Angerer, J.: Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. XIV. Examinations concerning the evaluation of a limit value for 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and the genotoxic effects of these glycol ethers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 64(7): 479-484, 1993.
Stott, W.T. and McKenna, M.J.: Hydrolysis of several glycol ether acetates and acrylate esters by nasal mucosal carboxylesterase in vitro. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 5(2): 399-404, 1985.
Zissu, D.: Experimental study of cutaneous tolerance to glycol ethers. Contact Dermatitis 32(2): 74-77, 1995.

Last Updated Date : 09/21/2022

CHLORODIPHENYL, 54% CHLORINE (PCB)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	11097-69-1
Formula	C₆H₃Cl₂C₆H₂Cl₃ (approx)
Synonyms	Aroclor1254; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyl

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow, viscous liquid or solid (below 50°F) with a mild, hydrocarbon odor.
Boiling point	689-734°F	Molecular weight	326 (approx)
Freezing point/melting point	50°F	Vapor pressure	0.00006 mmHg
Flash point	>286°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.3-1.8	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0631
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	60 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA PV2088 (partially validated)
Notes	Collect a sample of the bulk substance and send to the lab in a separate mailing container at the time the air samples are submitted. Indicate on the sample sheet that a bulk sample has been submitted.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.001 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine). See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) (CASRN 1336-36-3).
Borlak, J., Hock, A., Hansen, T. and Richter, E.: DNA adducts in cultures of polychlorinated biphenyl-treated human hepatocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 188(2): 81-91, 2003.
Mes, J., Arnold, D.L. and Bryce, F.: The elimination and estimated half-lives of specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners from the blood of female monkeys after discontinuation of daily dosing with Aroclor 1254. Chemosphere 30(4): 789-800, 1995.
No Author: Polychlorinated Biphenyls CAS No. 1336-36-3 . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1902-1905.
Redgrave, T.G., Wallace, P., Jandacek, R.J. and Tso, P.: Treatment with a dietary fat substitute decreased Arochlor 1254 contamination in an obese diabetic male. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16(6): 383-384, 2005.
Reymann, S. and Borlak, J.: Transcriptome profiling of human hepatocytes treated with Aroclor 1254 reveals transcription factor regulatory networks and clusters of regulated genes. BMC Genomics 7: 217, 2006 (18 pp.).

Last Updated Date : 05/01/2024

MORPHOLINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	110-91-8
Formula	C₄H₉NO
Synonyms	diethylene imidoxide; diethylene oximide; tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine; tetrahydro-p-oxazine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor.
Boiling point	264°F	Molecular weight	87.12
Freezing point/melting point	23.2°F	Vapor pressure	6 mmHg
Flash point	98°F (open cup)	Vapor density	3
Specific gravity	1.007	Ionization potential	8.88 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10.8%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1797
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-7 tube (80/40 mg) coated with 10% phosphoric acid [SKC 226-98]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2123 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.7 ppm@9 µm	0-100 ppm@9 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	20 ppm (70 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	20 ppm (70 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	20 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	20 ppm (70 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	30 ppm (105 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	30 ppm (105 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1400 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Morpholine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Morpholine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Morpholine. See annual publication for most recent information.
[No authors listed]: Morpholine [18 KB PDF, 4 pages]. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 47: 199-213, 1989.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Morpholine. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1639-1641.

Last Updated Date : 09/22/2022

PYRIDINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	110-86-1
Formula	C₅H₅N
Synonyms	azabenzene; azine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow liquid with a nauseating, fish-like odor.
Boiling point	240°F	Molecular weight	79.1
Freezing point/melting point	-44°F	Vapor pressure	16 mmHg
Flash point	68°F	Vapor density	2.72
Specific gravity	0.983 at 68°F	Ionization potential	9.27 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	12.4%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2220
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 XAD-7 tubes in series (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-95]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2295 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (15 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	5 ppm (15 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (15 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Pyridine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Pyridine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pyridine. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Pyridine (CASRN 110-86-1).
Damani, L.A., Crooks, P.A., Shaker, M.S., Caldwell, J., D'Souza, J. and Smith, R.L.: Species differences in the metabolic C- and N-oxidation, and N-methylation of [14C]pyridine in vivo. Xenobiotica 12(8): 527-534, 1982.
National Toxicology Program: NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of pyridine (CAS No. 110-86-1) in F344/N rats, Wistar rats, and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies). Nat. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 470: 1-330, 2000.
Nikula, K.J. and Lewis, J.L.: Olfactory mucosal lesions in F344 rats following inhalation exposure to pyridine at threshold limit value concentrations. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23(4): 510-517, 1994.
[No authors listed]: Pyridine. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 77: 503-528, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Pyridine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1988-1990.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

CYCLOHEXENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	110-83-8
Formula	C₆H₁₀
Synonyms	benzene tetrahydride; tetrahydrobenzene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a sweet odor.
Boiling point	181°F	Molecular weight	82.2
Freezing point/melting point	-154°F	Vapor pressure	67 mmHg
Flash point	11°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential	8.95 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0840
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	5-7 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1500 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 151	Miran 1A & 1B	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	100-1000 ppm	4.4 ppm@8.8 µm	0-600 ppm@8.7 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	300 ppm (1015 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	300 ppm	TLV-TWA	20 ppm (67 mg/m³) [2020]	PEL-TWA	300 ppm (1015 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Cyclohexene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Cyclohexene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Cyclohexene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 05/18/2022

CYCLOHEXANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	110-82-7
Formula	C₆H₁₂
Synonyms	benzene hexahydride; hexahydrobenzene; hexamethylene; hexanaphthene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	177°F	Molecular weight	84.2
Freezing point/melting point	44°F	Vapor pressure	78 mmHg
Flash point	0°F	Vapor density	2.9
Specific gravity	0.78	Ionization potential	9.88 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.3%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0810	0810
Sampling group	OVSG-1
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]	SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-002]
Sampling time^*	190 min	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	9.5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5000 (fully validated)	OSHA 1022 (fully validated)
Notes		To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	300 ppm (1050 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	300 ppm (1050 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	100 ppm [1964]	PEL-TWA	300 ppm (1050 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-I		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Cyclohexane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Cyclohexane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Cyclohexane. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Cyclohexane (CASRN 110-82-7), 2003
EPA Toxicological Review of Cyclohexane in Support of IRIS listing, 2003
Kreckmann, KH; Baldwin, JK; Roberts, LG; et al. (2000) Inhalation developmental toxicity and reproduction studies with cyclohexane. Drug Chem Toxicol 23(4):555-73.
Mráz, J. Gálová, E., Nohová, H. and Vítková, D.: 1,2- and 1,4-Cyclohexanediol - major urinary metabolites and biomarkers of exposure to cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol in humans. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 71(8): 560-565, 1998.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline - Cyclohexane. 1978.
Yasugi, T. et al.: Exposure monitoring and health effect studies of workers occupationally exposed to cyclohexane vapor. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 65(5): 343-350, 1994.

Last Updated Date : 04/13/2021

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
CSC Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh), [SKC 226-01]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Isobutyl Acetate	1534	No
n-Butyl Acetate	0440	No
sec-Butyl Acetate	0441	No
tert-Butyl Acetate	0442	No
Toluene**	2460	No
Ethyl Benzene	1080	No
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene)**	2020	No
Trichloroethylene**	2490	No
Xylene	2590	No
Trimethylbenzene	2505	No
Benzene***	0320	No
Ethyl Acetate****	1040	No
n-Propyl Acetate‡	2180	No
Pentane‡‡	1990	No
Cyclohexane‡‡‡	0810	No
Heptane*	1371	No
n-Hexane‡‡‡‡	1380	No
Nonane*	N807	No
Octane*	1957	No

Notes

Request any (up to three (3)) of these analytes together.

Alternatively request IMIS Code Q115 and SLTC will report any significant amounts of these analytes.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

Toluene, sec-Butyl Acetate, Benzene and Isobutyl Alcohol all have/are known interferences. Please indicate on the 91A which of these compounds are known to be present.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*80 min (4L)

**Peak sampling 1 min (0.05 L) and Ceiling sampling 5 min (0.25 L)

***STEL sampling 15 min (0.75 L)

****120 min (6 L)

‡200 min (10 L)

‡‡45 min (2.25 L)

‡‡‡190 min (9.5 L)

‡‡‡‡98 min (4.9 L)

DICHLOROETHYL ETHER†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIETHANOLAMINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIETHYLENETRIAMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

GLUTARALDEHYDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE (CELLOSOLVE ACETATE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLORODIPHENYL, 54% CHLORINE (PCB)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

MORPHOLINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PYRIDINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CYCLOHEXENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CYCLOHEXANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References