Occupational Safety and Health Administration

TITANIUM DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-67-7
Formula	TiO₂
Synonyms	anatase; brookite; rutile; titanium oxide; titanium peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless powder.
Boiling point	4532-5432°F	Molecular weight	79.9
Freezing point/melting point	3326-3362°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	4.26	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2440 (total); request using analyte code 9135
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the Salt Lake Technical Center will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for titanium dioxide from titanium is 1.668. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	Nanoscale particles: 0.2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2021] Finescale particles: 2.5 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2021]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.2 mg/m³). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens. See also NIOSH Intelligence Bulletin 63.		Notes:		Notes: As Particulates not othewise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Titanium dioxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Titanium dioxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Titanium dioxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Litovitz, T.L., et al.: 2001 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20(5): 391-452, 2002.
Fryzek, J.P., et al.: A cohort mortality study among titanium dioxide manufacturing workers in the United States. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 45(4): 400-409, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

IRON PENTACARBONYL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-40-6
Formula	C₅FeO₅
Synonyms	iron carbonyl; pentacarbonyl iron

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow to dark-red, oily liquid.
Boiling point	217°F at 749 mmHg	Molecular weight	195.9
Freezing point/melting point	-5.8°F	Vapor pressure	40 mmHg at 86.54°F
Flash point	5°F	Vapor density	6.74
Specific gravity	1.457 at 69.8°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.8 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.2 ppm (0.45 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	0.2 ppm [1979]	PEL-STEL	0.2 ppm (1.6 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Iron pentacarbonyl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Iron pentacarbonyl [13463-40-6], as Fe. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

NICKEL CARBONYL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13463-39-3
Formula	Ni(CO)₄
Synonyms	nickel tetracarbonyl; tetracarbonyl nickel

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow liquid with a musty odor.
Boiling point	110°F	Molecular weight	170.75
Freezing point/melting point	-2.2°F	Vapor pressure	315 mmHg
Flash point	<-11.2°F	Vapor density	5.89
Specific gravity	1.32 at 63°F	Ionization potential	8.28 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	0.05 mg/m³ [2013]	PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, EPA-B2, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nickel carbonyl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nickel carbonyl

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Nickel carbonyl, as Ni. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Nickel Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Berge, S.R. and Skyberg, K.: Radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis and possible etiologic factors at a nickel refinery in Norway. J. Environ. Monit. 5(4): 681-688, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Nickel Carbonyl. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1671-1673.
Scott, L.K., Grier, L.R., Arnold, T.C. and Conrad, S.A.: Respiratory failure from inhalational nickel carbonyl exposure treated with continuous high-volume hemofiltration and disulfiram. Inhal. Toxicol. 14(11): 1103-1109, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

CALCIUM SILICATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1344-95-2
Formula	CaSiO₃
Synonyms	calcium hydrosilicate; calcium metasilicate; calcium monosilicate; calcium salt of silicic acid; calsium silicate (synthetic); See also, Wollastonite (mineral form) [CAS no. 13983-17-0].

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or cream colored, free flowing powder. (Note: The commercial product is prepared from diatomaceous earth and lime.)
Boiling point		Molecular weight	116.2
Freezing point/melting point	2804°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.9	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C112 (total); request using analyte code 9135	C122 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations.	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data insufficient data		Notes: See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Wollastonite

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Calcium silicate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Appendix G: Substances Whose Adopted Documentation and TLVs Were Withdrawn For a Variety of Reasons, Including Insufficient Data, Regrouping, Etc. Calcium silicate, synthetic nonfibrous. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/09/2024

α-ALUMINA (ALUNDUM)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1344-28-1
Formula	Al₂O₃
Synonyms	aluminum oxide; alumina; aluminum trioxide [Note: α-Alumina is the main component of technical grade alumina. Corundum is natural Al₂O₃. Emery is an impure crystalline variety of Al₂O₃.]

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless, crystalline powder.
Boiling point	5396°F	Molecular weight	101.9
Freezing point/melting point	3632°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	4	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0160 (total); request using analyte code 9135	A201 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.	Samples collected for this compound are analyzed gravimetrically. Results reported for the requested compound will be qualified based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes; no further work on the sample will be performed due to method limitations. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2007]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: Not established. See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs		Notes: as Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds		Notes: As Particulates not otherwise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Aluminum oxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - ⍺-Alumina

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds. See annual publication for most recent information.
Gilks, B. and Churg, A.: Aluminum-induced pulmonary fibrosis: do fibers play a role? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136(1): 176-179, 1987.
Höflich, B.L.W., et al.: Characterization of individual aerosol particles in workroom air of aluminium smelter potrooms. J. Environ. Monit. 7(5): 419-424, 2005.
Musk, A.W., et al.: Respiratory symptoms and lung function in alumina refinery employees. Occup. Environ. Med. 57(40): 279-283, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 453-454.
Schlesinger, R.B., Snyder, C.A., Chen, L.C., Gorczynski, J.E. and Ménache, M.: Clearance and translocation of aluminum oxide (alumina) from the lungs. Inhal. Toxicol. 12(10): 927-939, 2000.
Voisin, C., et al.: Mineralogical analysis of the respiratory tract in aluminum oxide-exposed workers. Eur. Respir. J. 9(9):1874-1879, 1996.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

α-NAPHTHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	134-32-7
Formula	C₁₀H₉N
Synonyms	1-aminonaphthalene; 1-naphthylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless crystals with an ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	573°F	Molecular weight	143.2
Freezing point/melting point	122°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at 220°F
Flash point	315°F	Vapor density	4.93
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential	7.30 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1815
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 93 (fully validated)
Notes	Within 10 hours after sampling, transfer filter to glass vial containing 2 mL deionized water.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	Ca	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1003, 13 Carcinogens.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A		Notes: Not established		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209. Carcinogens.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, NIOSH-Ca, OSHA-Ca		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - ⍺-Naphthylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - ⍺-naphthylamine

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

GYPSUM†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13397-24-5
Formula	CaSO . 2H₂O
Synonyms	calcium(II) sulfate dihydrate; gypsum stone; hydrated calcium sulfate; mineral white

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or nearly white, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	172.2
Freezing point/melting point	262-325°F (loses H₂O)	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.32	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1367 (total); request using analyte code 9135	G101 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA	10 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2005]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes: As Particulates not otherwise regulated, see footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Gypsum

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Gypsum

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Calcium sulfate. See annual publication for most recent information.
Oakes, D., Douglas, R., Knight, K., Wusterman, M. and McDonald, J.C.: Respiratory effects of prolonged exposure to gypsum dust. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 26(1-4): 833-840, 1982.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Calcium Sulfate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 472-474.

Last Updated Date : 12/29/2020

METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1338-23-4
Formula	C₈H₁₆O₄
Synonyms	2-butanone peroxide, MEKP, MEK peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Boiling point	244°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	176.2
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point	125-200°F for 60% MEKP (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1750
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-4 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-93]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 77 (fully validated)
Notes	Samples must be frozen immediately after collection. Ship frozen overnight and keep frozen until analysis.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.2 ppm [1992]	PEL-C	0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxidase. See annual publication for most recent information.
Lefaux, R.: Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., p. 145, 1968.
Minamoto, K., Nagano, M., Inaoka, T., Futatsuka, M.: Allergic contact dermatitis due to methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cobalt naphthenate and acrylates in the manufacture of fiberglass-reinforced plastics. Contact Dermatitis. 46(1):58-9, Jan 2002.
NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. 2008.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1335-88-2
Formula	C₁₀H₄Cl₄
Synonyms	Halowax; Nibren wax; Seekay wax

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow solid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	599-680°F	Molecular weight	265.9
Freezing point/melting point	360°F	Vapor pressure	<1 mmHg
Flash point	410°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.59-1.65	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³	REL-TWA	2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Tetrachloronaphthalene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Tetrachloronaphthalene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Tetrachloronaphthalene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

CARBON BLACK†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1333-86-4
Formula	C
Synonyms	channel black; lamp black; furnace black; thermal black; acetylene black

Physical Properties
Physical description	Black, odorless solid or a dark colored liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
Boiling point	sublimes	Molecular weight	12.0
Freezing point/melting point	sublimes	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0527
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA ID-196 (partially validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period. If polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to be present, take and submit separate samples on glass fiber filters per OSHA Method 58.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling	CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³, 0.1 mg PAHs/m³ (carbon black in the presence of PAHs)	TLV-TWA	PEL-TWA	3.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	PEL-C
Skin notation		Skin notation		Skin notation	Skin notation
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: IDENTIFIED AS A CARCINOGEN (Ca) IN THE PRESENCE OF PAH; See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data	Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1750 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca (in presence of PAH's), TLV-A3		Notes: Ca in presence of PAHs
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon black oil

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon black

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbon Black. See annual publication for most recent information.
Driscoll, KE, Carter, JM, Howard, BW et al.: Pulmonary inflammatory, chemokine, and mutagenic responses in rats after subchronic inhalation of carbon black. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 136:372-380, 1996.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Diesel Exhaust. 2003.
Heinrich, U, Fuhst, R, Rittinghausen, S et al.: Chronic inhalation exposure of Wistar rats and two different strains of mice to diesel engine exhaust, carbon black, and titanium dioxide. Inhal Toxicol. 7:533-556, 1995.
IARC: Monograph 93 - Carbon Black. 2010.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Black. 1978.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Carbon Black.
Nikula, KJ, Snipes, MB, Barr, EB et al.: Comparative pulmonary toxicities and carcinogenicities of chronically inhaled diesel exhaust and carbon black in F344 rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 25:80-94, 1995.

Last Updated Date : 04/08/2024

TITANIUM DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

IRON PENTACARBONYL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NICKEL CARBONYL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CALCIUM SILICATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

α-ALUMINA (ALUNDUM)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

α-NAPHTHYLAMINE‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

GYPSUM†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBON BLACK†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References