Sampling and Analysis | OSHA.gov | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Display this Topic in the Publications Hot Topics slick slider

Off

VANADIUM, RESPIRABLE DUST & FUME (as V₂O₅)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1314-62-1
Formula	V₂O₅
Synonyms	vanadium pentoxide fume, divanadium pentoxide fume, vanadic anhydride fume, vanadium oxide fume, vanadium pentoxide dust; other synonyms vary depending on the specific vanadium compound

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow-orange powder or dark-gray, odorless flakes dispersed in air.
Boiling point	3182°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	181.9
Freezing point/melting point	1274°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	3.36	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2571	2571 (fume); request analyte codes 9135 & 2571	2570 (resp dust); request analyte codes 9130 & 2570
Sampling group	METALSSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	ICP	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA ID-125G (fully validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) from vanadium is 1.785. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. Smaller filters recommended for sampling inside welding hoods.	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) from vanadium is 1.785. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) from vanadium is 1.785. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-2, request analyte code 2587.	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source. Request using analyte code V125.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2008]	PEL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	0.1 mg/m³ (fume); 0.5 mg/m³ (respirable dust)	REL-C	0.05 mg/m³ [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: The REL applies to all vanadium compounds except vanadium metal and vanadium carbide.		Notes:		Notes: See footnote (n).
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	35 mg/m³ (as V)
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A3, IARC-2B		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vanadium (fume or dust)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vanadium fume

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vanadium pentoxide.
NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - "a href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0653.html" title="Vanadium dust">Vanadium dust.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vanadium pentoxide [1314-62-1], as V. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Vanadium. 2009.
Barceloux, D.G.: Vanadium. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 37(2): 265-278, 1999.
Ehrlich, VA et al.: Inhalative exposure to vanadium pentoxide causes DNA damage in workers; results of a multiple end point study. Environ Health Perspect. 116(12): 1689-1693, 2008.
Heinemann, G., Fichtl, B. and Vogt, W.: Pharmacokinetics of vanadium in humans after intravenous administration of a vanadium containing albumin solution. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55(3): 241-245, 2003.
Irsigler, G.E., Visser, P.J. and Spangenberg, P.A.L.: Asthma and chemical bronchitis in vanadium plant workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 35(4): 366-374, 1999.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Vanadium Pentoxide Fume. 1978.
NIOSH/IPCS: International Chemical Safety Cards - Vanadium Pentoxide. 2006.
Ress, N.B. et al.: Carcinogenicity of inhaled vanadium pentoxide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol. Sci. 74(2): 287-296, 2003.
Rondini, EA., Walters, DM., and Bauer, AK.: Vanadium pentoxide induces pulmonary inflammation and tumor promotion in a strain-dependent manner. Part Fibre Toxicol. 12: 7-9, 2010.

Last Updated Date : 06/14/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF)	240-480 min	480-960 L	2 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling	Incompatibilities
Iron*	I200	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium*	V125	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc*	Z100	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Chromium, Metal & Insoluble salts (as Cr)**	0685	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Hexavalent Chromium
Cobalt, Metal, Dust & Fume (as Co)	0720	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Tungsten
Copper Dust & Mists (as Cu)	0730	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Copper Fume (as Cu)	0731	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Iron Oxide Fume	1520	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Manganese, Compounds & Fume (as Mn)***	1620	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Molybdenum, Dust & Insoluble compounds, (as Mo)	1790	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Nickel, Metal, & Insoluble compounds (as Ni)	1840	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium, Respirable Dust & Fume	2571	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc Oxide Fume	2610	Contact SLTC for information

Notes

Request any or all of these analytes together. Entire group can be requested with analyte code 2587.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

This analysis can be pre-analyzed gravimetrically if collected on a pre-weighted PVC filter obtained from SLTC.

*These 3 codes are used for bulk sample results in place of their metal oxides.

**Please note that this is NOT hexavalent chromium.

***For Manganese STEL take only a 10-30 L sample.

ZINC OXIDE, DUST & FUME†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1314-13-2
Formula	ZnO
Synonyms	zinc peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	81.4
Freezing point/melting point	3587°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	5.61	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2610	2610	Z102 (total) [request analyte codes 9135 & Z102], Z103 (resp); [request analyte codes 9130 & Z103]
Sampling group	METALSSG-2	METALSSG-3
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L	480-960 L	960 L (total); 816 L (resp)
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	2 L/min	2 L/min (total); 1.7 L/min ±5% (resp)
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*			408-960 L (total); 408-816 L (resp)
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*			2 L/min (total); 1.7 L/min ±5% (resp)
Analytical method instruments	ICP	ICP-MS	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA ID-125G (fully validated)	OSHA ID-206 (fully validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for zinc oxide from zinc is 1.245. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. Smaller filters recommended for sampling inside welding hoods.	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for zinc oxide from zinc is 1.245. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the Salt Lake Technical Center will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for zinc oxide from zinc is 1.245. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction for Z103. These samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements	For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-2, request analyte code 2587.	For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-3, which may be found during soldering and brazing operations, request analyte code S131.	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!! For respirable samples, media must be preceded by a 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Contact SLTC for information. Zinc is not reported for Ghost Wipes.
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source. Request using analyte code Z100.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2001]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	10 mg/m³	TLV-STEL	10 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2001]	PEL-STEL	10 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: The OSHA PEL listed is for ZnO Fume. For dusts, the PEL is 15 mg/m³ (total) and 5 mg/m³ (resp). See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: NIOSH REL listed is for ZnO fume. For dusts, the REL TWA is 5 mg/m³, and the ceiling value (C) is 15 mg/m³.		Notes:		Notes: For zinc oxide dust, see Particulates not otherwise regulated.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Zinc oxide, crude

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Zinc oxide

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Zinc Peroxide.
ACGIH: Documentation of the threshold limit values (TLVs) and biological exposure indices (BEIs) - Zinc oxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Fine, J.M. et al.: Characterization of clinical tolerance to inhaled zinc oxide in naive subjects and sheet metal workers. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 42(11): 1085-1091, 2000.
Kuschner, W.G., D'Alessandro, A., Wong, H. and Blanc, P.D.: Early pulmonary cytokine responses to zinc oxide fume inhalation. Environ. Res. 75(1): 7-11, 1997.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Zinc Oxide. 1975.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Zinc Oxide Fume. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 06/14/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF)	240-480 min	480-960 L	2 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling	Incompatibilities
Iron*	I200	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium*	V125	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc*	Z100	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Chromium, Metal & Insoluble salts (as Cr)**	0685	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Hexavalent Chromium
Cobalt, Metal, Dust & Fume (as Co)	0720	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Tungsten
Copper Dust & Mists (as Cu)	0730	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Copper Fume (as Cu)	0731	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Iron Oxide Fume	1520	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Manganese, Compounds & Fume (as Mn)***	1620	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Molybdenum, Dust & Insoluble compounds, (as Mo)	1790	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Nickel, Metal, & Insoluble compounds (as Ni)	1840	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium, Respirable Dust & Fume	2571	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc Oxide Fume	2610	Contact SLTC for information

Notes

Request any or all of these analytes together. Entire group can be requested with analyte code 2587.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

This analysis can be pre-analyzed gravimetrically if collected on a pre-weighted PVC filter obtained from SLTC.

*These 3 codes are used for bulk sample results in place of their metal oxides.

**Please note that this is NOT hexavalent chromium.

***For Manganese STEL take only a 10-30 L sample.

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns	240-480 min	480-960 L	2 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Antimony & Compounds (as Sb)	0230	Whatman smear tab
Cadmium	C141	Whatman smear tab
Copper, Fume (as Cu)	0730	Whatman smear tab
Lead	1591	Whatman smear tab
Silver, Metal & Soluble Compounds (as Ag)	2240	Whatman smear tab
Tin, Inorganic Compounds (except oxides) (as Sn)	2430	Whatman smear tab
Zinc Oxide Fume	2610	Whatman smear tab

Notes

For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-3, request analyte code S131.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

Elemental results for all analytes in this group will be reported if significant amounts are found.

Gravimetric pre-analysis may be requested if a sample is collected on a pre-weighted PVC filter obtained from SLTC. In this case, request the relevant gravimetric analyte code along with the other(s).

DESFLURANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	57041-67-5
Formula	C₃H₂F₆O
Synonyms	1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyldifluoromethylether; tetrafluoro ethyl difluoro methyl ether; Suprane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid.
Boiling point	74.3°F	Molecular weight	168.04
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	700 mmHg@71.6°F
Flash point		Vapor density	1.44
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	R218
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Anasorb 747 (140/70 mg) [SKC 226-81A]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 106 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established. See Anesthetic Gases: Guidelines for Workplace Exposures. OSHA (rev. 2000).		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Not listed

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

CYHEXATIN†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	13121-70-5
Formula	(C₆H₁₁)₃SnOH
Synonyms	TCHH; tricyclohexylhydroxystannane; tricyclohexylhydroxytin; plictran; tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (before 1989)

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white, nearly odorless, crystalline powder.
Boiling point	442°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	385.2
Freezing point/melting point	383°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2520
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF (37 mm), Type A/E in series with XAD-2 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-30 & AP4003705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	500 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1.5 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GF-AAS
Method reference	NIOSH 5504 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (Tin, organic compounds)	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ [1990]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	80 mg/m³, 25 mg/m³ (as Sn)
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Cyhexatin

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Cyhexatin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Cyhexatin. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

DIMETHYLPHTHALATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	131-11-3
Formula	C₁₀H₁₀O₄
Synonyms	dimethyl ester of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid; DMP; phthalic acid; dimethyl ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a slight, aromatic odor.
Boiling point	543°F	Molecular weight	194.2
Freezing point/melting point	32°F	Vapor pressure	0.01 mmHg
Flash point	295°F	Vapor density	6.69
Specific gravity	1.19	Ionization potential	9.64 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.9% at 358°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0950
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-Tenax®) - 13 mm Tenax® tube (140/70 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-56]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 104 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ [2005]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-D		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dimethyl phthalate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dimethylphthalate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethyl phthalate. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Dimethyl Phthalate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Albro, P.W. and Moore, B.: Identification of the metabolites of simple phthalate diesters in rat urine. J. Chromatogr. 94(0): 209-218, 1974.
Field, E.A., et al.: Developmental toxicity evaluation of diethyl and dimethyl phthalate in rats. Teratology 48(1): 33-44, 1993.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dimethyl Phthalate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 936-939.
Scott, R.C., Dugard, P.H., Ramsey, J.D. and Rhodes, C.: In vitro absorption of some o-phthalate diesters through human and rat skin. Environ. Health Perspect. 74: 223-227, 1987.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

SODIUM HYDROXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1310-73-2
Formula	NaOH
Synonyms	caustic soda; lye; soda lye; sodium hydrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white, odorless solid (flakes, beads, granular form).
Boiling point	2534°F	Molecular weight	40
Freezing point/melting point	605°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.13	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2260
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) [MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	30 L(15 min - C)
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for sodium hydroxide from sodium is 1.740. Analysis for this analyte is based on water solubility.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 mg/m³	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	2 mg/m³	TLV-C	2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-C	2 mg/m³
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	10 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.5 mg/m³/5 mg/m³/50 mg/m³

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium hydroxide, solid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium hydroxide

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium hydroxide solution.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sodium Hydroxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Sodium Hydroxide. 1978.
NIOSH/IPCS: International Chemical Safety Cards - Sodium Hydroxide. 2010.

Last Updated Date : 10/10/2024

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1310-58-3
Formula	HKO
Synonyms	caustic potash; lye; potassium hydrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	White, odorless solid or clear aqueous solution.
Boiling point	2408°F	Molecular weight	56.11
Freezing point/melting point	680°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at 1326°F; 5 mmHg at 1497°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.04	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2140
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for potassium hydroxide from potassium is 1.435. Analysis for this analyte is based on water solubility.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	2 mg/m³	TLV-C	2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-C	2 mg/m³
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Potassium hydroxide, solution

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Potassium hydroxide

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Potassium hydroxide (dry solid, flake, bead, or granular).
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Potassium hydroxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Potassium Hydroxide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1925-1926.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

MAGNESIUM OXIDE (FUME)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1309-48-4
Formula	MgO
Synonyms	magnesia fume; maglite; magox

Physical Properties
Physical description	A white solid, often found as a powder.
Boiling point	6512°F	Molecular weight	40.3
Freezing point/melting point	5072°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	3.58	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1610 (total); request using analyte code 9135
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	408-960 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the SLTC will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for magnesium oxide fume from magnesium is 1.658. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source. Request using analyte code M100.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total particulate)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2000]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	750 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Magnesium oxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Magnesium oxide fume

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) Magnesium oxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Kuschner, W.G., Wong, H., D'Alessandro, A., Quinlan, P. and Blanc, P.D.: Human pulmonary responses to experimental inhalation of high concentration fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles. Environ. Health Perspect. 105(11): 1234-1237, 1997.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Magnesium Oxide (Fume). In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1426-1428.

Last Updated Date : 01/04/2021

ROUGE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1309-37-1
Formula	Fe₂O₃
Synonyms	ferric oxide; iron (III) oxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Reddish-brown solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	159.7
Freezing point/melting point	2664°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	5.24	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2229 (total); request using analyte code 9135	R102 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2005]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.		Notes: as Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)		Notes: as Particulates not otherwise regulated. See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Iron oxide, spent

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Rouge

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃). See annual publication for most recent information.
Hubbs, A., et al.: Comparative pulmonary toxicity of 6 abrasive blasting agents. Toxicol. Sci. 61(1): 135-143, 2001.
Lay, J.C., Bennett, W.D., Kim, C.S., Devlin, R.B. and Bromberg, P.A.: Retention and intracellular distribution of instilled iron oxide particles in human alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 18(5): 687-695, 1998.
Lay, J.C., Zeman, K.L., Ghio, A.J. and Bennett, W.D.: Effects of inhaled iron oxide particles on alveolar epithelial permeability in normal subjects. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(12): 1065-1078, 2001.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Iron Oxide (Fume). In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1315-1317.

Last Updated Date : 01/11/2021

IRON OXIDE FUME†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	1309-37-1 (ferric oxide); 1332-37-2 (iron oxide); 1345-25-1 (ferrous oxide)
Formula	Fe₂O₃
Synonyms	ferric oxide; iron (III) oxide; ferrous oxide; iron (II) oxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Reddish-brown solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	159.7
Freezing point/melting point	2664°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	5.24	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1520
Sampling group	METALSSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	ICP
Method reference	OSHA ID-125G (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for iron oxide from iron is 1.430. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. Smaller filters recommended for sampling inside welding hoods
Special requirements	For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-2, request analyte code 2587.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]
Bulk Method	This analysis is for the metal component of this analyte only. The conversion back to the analyte is a mathematical one assuming all metal present is from the analyte source. Request using analyte code I200.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2005]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2500 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4, IARC-3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Iron oxide, spent

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Iron Oxide Dust and Fume (as Fe)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Iron Oxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Lay, J.C., Bennett, W.D., Kim, C.S., Devlin, R.B. and Bromberg, P.A.: Retention and intracellular distribution of instilled iron oxide particles in human alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 18(5): 687-695, 1998.
Lay, J.C., Zeman, K.L., Ghio, A.J. and Bennett, W.D.: Effects of inhaled iron oxide particles on alveolar epithelial permeability in normal subjects. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(12): 1065-1078, 2001.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Iron Oxide Fume. September 1978.
NIOSH/IPCS: International Chemical Safety Cards - Ferric Oxide. October 28, 2004.

Last Updated Date : 06/15/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF)	240-480 min	480-960 L	2 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling	Incompatibilities
Iron*	I200	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium*	V125	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc*	Z100	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Chromium, Metal & Insoluble salts (as Cr)**	0685	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Hexavalent Chromium
Cobalt, Metal, Dust & Fume (as Co)	0720	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Tungsten
Copper Dust & Mists (as Cu)	0730	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Copper Fume (as Cu)	0731	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Iron Oxide Fume	1520	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Manganese, Compounds & Fume (as Mn)***	1620	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Molybdenum, Dust & Insoluble compounds, (as Mo)	1790	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Nickel, Metal, & Insoluble compounds (as Ni)	1840	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium, Respirable Dust & Fume	2571	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc Oxide Fume	2610	Contact SLTC for information

Notes

Request any or all of these analytes together. Entire group can be requested with analyte code 2587.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

This analysis can be pre-analyzed gravimetrically if collected on a pre-weighted PVC filter obtained from SLTC.

*These 3 codes are used for bulk sample results in place of their metal oxides.

**Please note that this is NOT hexavalent chromium.

***For Manganese STEL take only a 10-30 L sample.

VANADIUM, RESPIRABLE DUST & FUME (as V₂O₅)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ZINC OXIDE, DUST & FUME†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DESFLURANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CYHEXATIN†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIMETHYLPHTHALATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SODIUM HYDROXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

MAGNESIUM OXIDE (FUME)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ROUGE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

IRON OXIDE FUME†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References