Text For Citation: 01 Item/Group: 001 Hazard: CONFINED

Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970: The employer did not furnish employment and a place of employment which were free from recognized hazards that were causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees in that employees who entered into confined or enclosed spaces were not instructed as to the nature of the hazards involved, the necessary precautions to be taken, and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required. Among other methods, one feasible and acceptable abatement method to correct this hazard is to establish a confined space entry program which meets the following elements: a) An evaluation for the need to enter the space. Can an alternative method be utilized? b) Hazard Evaluation which includes at least the following: 1. Tests for oxygen deficiency. 2. Tests for Toxic or Flammable Atmosphere. 3. Electrical Hazards. 4. Mechanical Hazards. 5. Noise. 6. Heat Stress. 7. Engulfment or Flooding 8. Size of the space. c) Entry Procedures consisting of: 1. Use of Entry Permits. 2. Lock out & Tag out mechanical and electrical equipment. 3. Lock out, blank off, or tag out pipes. 4. Test Atmosphere to include: a. Testing at various strata within the space. b. Look for dead air spaces where problems could be hiding. c. Test periodically during work to insure levels have not changed because of activity in the enclosure. 5. Prepare for rescue. 6. Review entry, work and rescue procedures with employees. d) Work Procedures Controls - Evaluate the following: 1. What hazards does the job create (toxic atmosphere, heat stress, etc.)? 2. Does the task require continuous ventilation and monitoring? 3. What personal protective equipment is needed? 4. Standby personnel must be present at all times, in constant communication and with appropriate rescue equipment. e) Rescue & Emergency Procedures shall include at least: 1. Arrangement must be made in advance to ensure the availability of personnel for rescue and medical care. 2. Continuous communication is crucial. 3. How will the person be extricated if an emergency arises? 4. Standby personnel must call for help and not enter until help arrives. f) Training and Education: Training is for all personnel associated with the confined space entry and would cover: 1. Not to enter confined spaces except under the permit system. 2. The hazards of "lone rescue". 3. How to summon help.