Text For Citation: 01 Item/Group: 001 Hazard: CONFINED

Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970: The employer did not furnish employment and a place of employment which were free from recognized hazards that were causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees in that employees were exposed to: (a) The hazard of serious physical harm or death in that on or about 12-5-90 and at times prior to, employees entered into confined space(s) (jet fuel tanker) when not properly trained to do so and where the atmosphere has not been monitored for oxygen content and/or explosive levels. The following elements from the American National Standard Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces (ANSI Z117.1-1989) as a minimum were not addressed and must be included along with the standard requirements in a written program. 4.0 Non-Permit Confined Spaces (NPCS) 5.0 Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS) 5.1 Entry Permits. A permit shall be established for all PRCS entries, this document shall include: 5.1.2 The hazards to be controlled or eliminated prior to proceeding with the entry: 5.1.6. The type of equipment which will be necessary for a rescue and how aid will be summoned in the event of an emergency: 5.3.1 Atmospheric test results shall be within accept- able limits per Section 6.0 of the standard. If atmospheric test results are not within acceptable limits, precautions to protect entrants against the hazards shall be addressed on the permit and in place: 6.0 Atmospheric Testing 6.1 Requirements; Before entry into a confined space, testing shall be conducted for hazardous atmospheres by a qualified person. Testing equipment used in classified areas shall be listed or approved for use in such areas. The listing or approval shall be from a nationally recognized testing laboratory such as Underwriters Laboratories for Factory Mutual Systems. 6.2 Testing considerations. Testing of confined spaces shall be conducted throughout the entire portion of the space to be occupied. 6.3.2 Whenever testing of the atmosphere indicates that levels of oxygen, flammability, toxicity are not within acceptable limits, entry shall be prohibited until appropriate personal protective equipment is provided. Functional checks shall be performed on the equipment before each entry using the manufacturer's recommended methods. Periodically, equipment with internal cal- ibration devices shall be calibration devices shall be calibrated and maintained per the manufacturer's per the manufacturer's instructions. 11.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 11.2 Selection. Employees shall wear personal protec- tive equipment (i.e. respiratory protection) selected in accordance with the requirements of the job to be performed and meeting the specifications of applicable standards. 12.0 Safeguards 12.0 Retrieval Equipment: Appropriate retrieval equipment or methods shall be used whenever a person enters a PRCS. EXCEPTION; If the retrieval equipment increase the overall risks of entry or does not contribute to the rescue, its use may be waived. 14.0 Emergency Response; 14.1 Emergency Response Plan. A plan of action shall be written with provisions to conduct a timely resuce for person in a PRCS. Included in these instruction shall be; 14.1.1 Determination of what methods of rescue must be implemented to retrieve individuals: 14.1.2 Designation of rescue personnel that are immediately available where PRCS entries are conducted: 14.1.3 Type and availability of equipment needed to rescue individuals: 14.1.4 An effective a means to summon rescuers in a timely manner: 14.1.5 Training and drill of the attendant and rescue personnel in preplanning. Rescue and emergency pro- cedures according to section 15 of this standard: 14.2 Breathing Equipment. All rescue personnel must use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or combination Type C Airline/SCBA breathing equipment when entering confined spaces to rescue victims: If it is established that the cause of the emergency is not a hazardous atmosphere, rescue breathing equip- ment is not required. 14.3 Rescue Equipment Inspection; All rescue equipment shall be inspected periodically be a qualified person and prior to work to ensure that it is operable. NOTE: Section 15 must be included for PRCS, Section 4.2 covers training for NPCS. Among others, one feasible and acceptable method of abate- ment would be to develop and implement a program that addresses the requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI Z117.1-1989)