Abstract: At approximately 2:00 p.m. on July 19, 1993, Employee #1 was attempting to grade an excavation that was being dug to install 8 in. PVC sewer pipe. The excavation was approximately 5 1/2 ft deep and approximately 6 1/2 ft wide. No sloping or shoring was provided and no competent person was on site to inspect the excavation. Employee #1 had jumped into the excavation to measure the grade when the cave-in occurred. He was buried over his shoulders by dirt. Employee #1 was dug out by two heavy equipment operators with hand shovels, given CPR, and was taken to the hospital. He suffered pelvic injury, spleen injury, and numerous broken ribs.