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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Stoddard Solvent |
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General Description
Synonyms: Dry cleaning safety solvent; Mineral spirits; Petroleum solvent; Spotting naphtha [Note: A refined petroleum solvent with a flash point of 102-110°F, boiling point of 309-396°F, and containing >65% C10 or higher hydrocarbons.]
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2270
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 8052-41-3
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: WJ8925000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1268 128 (petroleum distillates, n.o.s.)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Stoddard Solvent: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 500 ppm, 2900 mg/m3
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 200 ppm, 1150 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 200 ppm, 1150 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 100 ppm, 525 mg/m3 TWA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 350 mg/m3 TWA, 1800 mg/m3 Ceiling (15 Minutes)
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 20,000 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose, throat; cough, sore throat; headache, dizziness, confusion; weakness, unconsciousness; dermatitis; chemical pneumonitis (from aspiration of liquid); in animals: convulsions, kidney damage; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Health Effects: Irritation - Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Moderate (HE15); Narcosis (HE 8); Explosive, Flammable (HE18)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS, kidneys
Notes:
- Explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed at temperatures above 21°C.
- In addition to kidney lesions in male rats caused by the accumulation of α2-microglobulin (a protein not produced by humans), 2-year inhalation studies by NTP in rats and mice found an increased incidence of adrenal medulla neoplasms (pheochromocytoma) only in male rats and a slight increase of liver adenomas only in female mice.
- The half-lives in blood of three of the chemicals in Stoddard solvent ranged from 2.1 to 7.5 hours for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene; 0.8 to 7.0 hours for n-decane; and 1.3 to 4.1 hours for n-undecane in 9 healthy male volunteers exposed for two hours to 300 mg solvent/m3 of air. The recovery of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid, a major metabolite of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, in urine over 22 hours ranged from 23 to 31% of the net respiratory uptake of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
- Chronic exposure of shoe-manufacturing workers to the solvent in glue at a level close to 500 mg/m3 was reportedly associated with significant deficits in various neuropsychological tests, including the Bender Test, Dots Location Test, and Kraepelin Test, indicating fatigability and decreased ability to perform work requiring long-term concentration.
Date Last Revised: 01/23/2006
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Stoddard Solvent.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Stoddard solvent.
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for Stoddard solvent. Atlanta: ATSDR, 1995, 140 pp.
- Bazylewicz-Walczak, B., Marzal-Wisniewska, M. and Siuda, A.: The psychological effects of chronic exposure to white spirit in rubber industry workers. Pol. J. Occup. Med. 3(1): 117-127, 1990.
- Doi, A., et al.: Development of alpha2µ-globulin nephropathy and adrenal medullary pheochromocytomas in male rats following exposure to Stoddard solvent IIC. Inhal. Toxicol. 16(5): 247-257, 2004.
- Jarnberg, J., Johanson, G., Lof, A. and Stahlbom, B.: Toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in humans exposed to vapors of white spirit: comparison with exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone. Arch. Toxicol. 72(8): 483-491, 1998.
- National Toxicology Program: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of STODDARD SOLVENT IIC (CAS No. 64742-88-7) in B6C3F(1) Mice (Inhalation Studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. (519): 1-274, 2004
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- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Stoddard Solvent. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2092-2094.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
alternate solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide:Dimethylformamide
alternate solvent: (95:5) Methylene Chloride:Methanol
maximum volume: 3 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 48)
method classification: Fully Validated
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