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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Nickel, Metal and Insoluble compounds (as Ni) |
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General Description
Synonyms: Nickel metal: Elemental nickel, Nickel catalyst; Nickel subsulfide; Other synonyms vary depending upon the specific nickel compound
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1840
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7440-02-0
Other Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 12035-72-2 (Nickel subsulfide)
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: QR5950000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni): chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 1 mg/m3 TWA (Does not apply to Nickel Carbonyl)
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 1 mg/m3 TWA (Does not apply to Nickel Carbonyl)
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 1 mg/m3 TWA (Does not apply to Nickel Carbonyl)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV):
Elemental - 1.5 mg/m3 TWA, Inhalable fraction, Appendix A5 - Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen;
Soluble inorganic compounds (NOS) - 0.1 mg/m3 TWA, Inhalable fraction, Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen;
insoluble inorganic compounds (NOS) - 0.2 mg/m3 TWA, Inhalable fraction, Appendix A1 - Confirmed Human Carcinogen;
Nickel subsulfide - 0.1 mg/m3 TWA, Inhalable fraction, Appendix A1 - Confirmed Human Carcinogen
[TLVs listed under Nickel, as Ni]
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.015 mg/m3 TWA ; Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens; (This REL does not apply to Nickel carbonyl)
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Metallic Nickel - Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans; Nickel Compounds - Group 1, carcinogenic to humans.
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 10 mg/m3 (as Ni)
Potential symptoms: Sensitization dermatitis, allergic asthma, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonitis; decreased sense of smell [potential occupational carcinogen]
Health Effects: Respiratory sensitization (asthma) (HE9); Cumulative lung damage (HE10); Dermatitis (HE3)
Affected organs: Nasal cavities, lungs, skin
Notes:
- OSHA Select Carcinogen.
- Most cases of sinonasal cancer associated with nickel exposure have occurred in nickel refinery workers, although a few have been reported in alkaline battery and cutlery workers.
- Nickel exposure has been associated with work-related respiratory symptoms in welders.
Date Last Revised: 06/24/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni).
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Nickel.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Nickel Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Fishwick, D., Bradshaw, L., Slater, T., Curran, A. and Pearce, N.: Respiratory symptoms and lung function change in welders: are they associated with workplace exposures? N. Z. Med. J. 117(1193): U872, 2004.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Nickel and Soluble Compounds. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1666-1669.
- Sunderman, F.W., Jr.: Nasal toxicity, carcinogenicity, and olfactory uptake of metals. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 31(1): 3-24, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-121)
method classification: Fully Validated
alternate analytical method: Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; ICP/DCP-AES
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-125G)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period.
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