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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Gasoline |
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General Description
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1340
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 8006-61-9
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: LX3300000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1203 128
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Gasoline: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- Footnote (A(3)) - Gasoline and/or Petroleum distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV.
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- Footnote (A(3)) - Gasoline and/or Petroleum distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV.
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- Footnote (A(3)) - Gasoline and/or Petroleum distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 300 ppm, 890 mg/m3 TWA; 500 ppm, 1480 mg/m3 STEL; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Eye, skin, mucous membrane irritation; dermatitis; nausea; irregular heartbeat; headache, fatigue, memory loss, blurred vision, dizziness, slurred speech, loss of coordination (staggering gait), confusion, unconsciousness, seizures; death from respiratory failure. INGES ACUTE: burning sensation in mouth, throat and stomach; vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, intoxication; pulmonary edema (from aspiration).
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat---Mild (HE16); CNS effects (HE7); Flammable (HE18); Potential occupational carcinogen (HE2).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS, liver, kidneys
Notes: 1) Certain gasoline-induced neurotoxic effects, such as ataxia, tremor or encephalopathic syndrome, have been attributed to abuse (gasoline sniffing), not to occupational exposure. 2) Some gasoline additives (methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and tert-amyl methyl ether) are metabolized in the liver mainly by cytochrome P450 2A6, which also metabolizes coumarin and nicotine.
Date Last Revised: 11/03/2003
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Gasoline.
- Ahmed, F.E.: Toxicology and human health effects following exposure to oxygenated or reformulated gasoline. Toxicol. Lett. 123(2-3): 89-113, 2001.
- Burbacher, T.M.: Neurotoxic effects of gasoline and gasoline constituents. Environ. Health Perspect. 101(Suppl. 6): 133-141, 1993.
- Caprino, L. and Togna, G.I.: Potential health effects of gasoline and its constituents: a review of current literature (1990-1997) on toxicological data. Environ. Health Perspect. 106(3): 115-125, 1998.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Gasoline. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1202-1204.
- Ritchie, G.D., Still, K.R., Alexander, W.K., Nordholm, A.F., Wilson, C.L., Rossi, J. III and Mattie, D.R.: A review of the neurotoxicity risk of selected hydrocarbon fuels. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 4(3): 223-312, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
alternate analytical solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide/Dimethylformamide
maximum volume: 10 Liters maximum flow rate:0.1 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 3 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.1 L/min (STEL)
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA PV2028)
method classification: Partially Validated
article: Perry, Kevin. J. of Chromatographic Science. 28, Dec. 1990. Title: A GC Technique for the Analysis of Fuel Vapor Containing Oxygenates. Constituents from exhaust gas were acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, isobutylene oxide, isobutryaldehyde, dimethylpropanol, tetramethyltetrahydro-furan, epoxytrimethylpentane, t-butyl methyloxetan, isopropyl dimethyloxetan. Identified from HP-1 column
On-Site Sampling Techniques/Methods:
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: AUER/MSA
model/type: Gasoline-30, MSA P/N 492870, AUER P/N 5085-898
sampling information: follow manufacturer's instructions
upper measurement limit: 6000 ppm
detection limit: approximately 30 ppm
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 101L
sampling information: 1 or 2 strokes
upper measurement limit: 2000 ppm
detection limit: 5 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16% for 30 to 300 ppm, 8% for 300 to 1000 ppm
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Matheson-Kitagawa
model/type: 8014-110S
sampling information: 1 stroke
upper measurement limit: ~0.6%
detection limit: approximately 0.05%
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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| Revised: 16 June 2004 |
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