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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Carbon Tetrachloride |
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General Description
Synonyms: Carbon chloride; Carbon tet; FreonŽ 10; HalonŽ 104; Tetrachloromethane
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0570
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 56-23-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: FG4900000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1846 151
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Carbon Tetrachloride: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-2 Table -- 10 ppm TWA; 25 ppm Ceiling for 5 minutes in any 3 hours; 200 ppm Peak
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 10 ppm, 65 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 10 ppm, 65 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 5 ppm, 31 mg/m3 TWA; 10 ppm, 63 mg/m3 STEL; Skin; Appendix A2 - Suspected Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 2 ppm, 12.6 mg/m3 STEL (60 Minutes); Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B, Possibly carcinogenic to humans
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group B2, Probable human carcinogen
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 200 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin; CNS depression; nausea, vomiting; liver, kidney damage; drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination; dermatitis; [potential occupational carcinogen]; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain; diarrhea.
Health Effects: Cumulative liver damage (HE3); Teratogen (HE5)
Affected organs: CNS, eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys, skin
Notes:
- Carbon tetrachloride is an OSHA Select Carcinogen.
- EPA's oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) of carbon tetrachloride is 0.0007 mg/kg/day.
- Cytochrome P450 2E1 metabolizes carbon tetrachloride to toxic derivatives, such as the reactive trichloromethyl radical. Known metabolites include phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chloroform, and hexachloroethane.
- Greater toxicity of carbon tetrachloride has been reported in heavy drinkers, possibly due to induction of additional CYP2E1 enzyme by chronic ethanol consumption.
Date Last Revised: 11/03/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Carbon Tetrachloride.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Carbon tetrachloride.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Carbon tetrachloride. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- No authors listed: Carbon tetrachloride. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(pt. 2): 401-432, 1999.
- No authors listed: Carbon Tetrachloride, CAS No. 56-23-5. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005.
- Manno, M. and Rezzadore, M.: Critical role of ethanol abuse in carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Lancet 343(891): 232, 1994.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Carbon Tetrachloride. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 501-504.
- Takahashi, S., et al.: Increased cytotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in a human hepatoma cell line overexpressing cytochrome P450 2E1. J. Int. Med. Res. 30(4): 400-405, 2002.
- Zangar, R.C., Benson, J.M., Burnett, V.L. and Springer, D.L.: Cytochrome P450 2E1 is the primary enzyme responsible for low-dose carbon tetrachloride metabolism in human liver microsomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 125(3): 233-243, 2000.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
maximum volume: 15 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min (TWA)
minimum time: 5 Minutes maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min (Ceiling)
minimum time: 5 Minutes maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min (Peak)
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1003 )
method classification: Partially Validated
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