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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Barium, Soluble Compounds (as Ba) |
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General Description
Synonyms: Varies depending upon specific compound.
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0310
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7440-39-3
Other Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 10361-37-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: CQ8370000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1564 154 (barium compounds, n.o.s.)
Chemical Description and Physical Properties: Appearance and odor vary depending upon specific compound.
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards --
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen. (TLV listed as Barium and soluble compounds, as Ba)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA (Note: The REL also applies to other soluble barium compounds (as Ba) except Barium sulfate)
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 50 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns (by hydroxide, carbonate); gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia. INGES ACUTE: Abdominal cramps, profuse watery diarrhea; vomiting; severe muscle weakness; cardiac arrhythmia; unconsciousness; respiratory arrest.
Health Effects: Acute toxicity, gastrointestinal, hypokalemia (HE4)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, heart, CNS
Notes: 1) The chief pathophysiology of acute barium poisoning is a life-threatening decrease in serum potassium concentration, which may be exacerbated by blood transfusions. 2) Unusual cases of barium poisoning that resulted from an explosion in a munitions factory or contamination of barium sulfate with soluble barium salts in a radiologic contrast suspension have been reported.
Date Last Revised: 05/12/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Barium Chloride (as Ba).
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Barium chloride.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Barium toxicity after exposure to contaminated contrast solution - Goias State, Brazil, 2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 52(43): 1047-1048, 2003.
- Jacobs, I.A., Taddeo, J., Kelly K. and Valenziano, C.: Poisoning as a result of barium styphnate explosion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41(4): 285-288, 2002.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Barium. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 277-279.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
analytical solvent: Water Extraction
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 7056), OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-121)
method classification: Partially Validated
note: Submit as a separate sample. If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period. Solubility of the Barium compounds, if known, should be transmitted to SLTC. Soluble means water soluble.
Wipe sampling: Yes, with Whatman smear tab Filter. SOLVENT: Distilled water
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