 |
Safety and Health Topics: |
|
| Acrylonitrile |
|
General Description
Synonyms: Propenenitrile; AN; Vinyl cyanide
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0120
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 107-13-1
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: AT5250000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101): 1093 131P (Inhibited)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Acrylonitrile: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: Cancer Hazard 29 CFR 1910.1045 -- 2 ppm TWA; 10 ppm Ceiling (15 minute); 1 ppm Action Level
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.1145 requirements identical to 1910.1045.
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1045 requirements identical to 1910.1045.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2 ppm, 4 mg/m3 TWA; Skin; Appendix A3 (Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 1 ppm TWA; 10 ppm Ceiling (15 minutes); Skin; Appendix A - Potential Occupational Carcinogen
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 85 ppm
Potential symptoms: Asphyxia; limb weakness, dyspnea, burning sensation in the throat; dizziness and impaired judgment; cyanosis and nausea; collapse, irregular breathing, seizures, cardiac arrest; low grade anemia, leukocytosis, and mild jaundice; eye irritation; headache; sneezing; skin blisters, scaling dermatitis; (carcinogenic).
Health Effects: Reproductive Hazards (HE5); CNS Disturbances (HE7); Chronic (Cumulative) Toxicity; Asphyxiant (HE17); LD50 (oral, rat) 82 mg/kg.
Affected organs: Cardiovascular system, liver, CNS, skin, lung and bowel; blood, respiratory system, and eyes.
Note: Partially metabolized to cyanide by cytochrome P450-2E1.
Date Last Revised: 12/28/2001
Literature Basis:
- (low grade anemia, leukocytosis, kidney irritation, and mild jaundice)
Cohrssen, B.: Cyanides and nitriles (Chapter 61). In: Patty's Toxicology, 5th Ed., Vol. 4, Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., and Powell, C.H., eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1400-1404, 2001.
- (dyspnea, burning sensation in the throat, impaired judgement, death.)
Mangipudy, R.S., and Mehendale, M.H.: Acrylonitrile. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Vol. 1, Wexler, P. ed. New York: Academic Press, pp. 27-28, 1998.
- (convulsion and hysterical)
Sitting, M.: Acrylonitrile. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 3rd Ed. Vol. 1, pp. 52-54, 1991.
- (metabolism)
Their, R., Balkenhol, H., Lewalter, J., Selinski, S., Dommermuth, A. and Bolt, H.M.: Influence of polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme on the metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile. Mutation Res. 482(1-2): 41-46, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Acetone
maximum volume: 20 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min TWA
minimum time: 15 Minutes maximum flow rate: 0.5 L/min Ceiling
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/NPD
method reference: OSHA Manual of Analytical Methods (OSHA 37)
method classification: Fully Validated
On-Site Sampling Techniques/Methods:
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Dräger
model/type: Acrylonitrile 5/b, order no. CH 26901
sampling information: 3 strokes
upper measurement limit: 30 ppm
detection limit: approximately 1 ppm
overall uncertainty: 25%
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: AUER/MSA
model/type: Acrylonitrile-0.5, MSA P/N 10016376, AUER P/N 10016376
sampling information: follow manufacturer's instructions
upper measurement limit: 30 ppm
detection limit: approximately 1 ppm
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Matheson-Kitagawa
model/type: 8014-128SC
sampling information: follow manufacturer's instructions
upper measurement limit: 120 ppm
detection limit: approximately 1 ppm
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 191L
sampling information: 1 to 4 strokes
upper measurement limit: 18 ppm
detection limit: 0.05 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16.4% for 0.25 to 1 ppm, 8.2% for 1 to 6 ppm
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
Wipe sampling: No
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
|
| |
| Revised: 06 August 2003 |
| |
| |
|
 |
|
