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Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Radiation |
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| Health Effects |
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The issue of extremely low frequency (ELF) biological effects is very controversial.
Research has focused on possible carcinogenic, reproductive, and
neurological effects. Other suggested health effects include cardiovascular,
brain and behavior, hormonal and immune system changes.
General Health Effects Reviews
- Health Effects and Exposure Guidelines Related to
ELF - An Overview. Canadian Government, (2005, January). Provides a review of health effects literature and states the
government position on ELF exposures - basically that studies are
inconclusive at public exposure levels, but Precautionary Practices are
appropriate.
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Review of the Scientific Evidence for Limiting Exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields (0–300 GHz). Health Protection Agency, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB),
(2004, March 31).
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Electromagnetic Fields.
World Health Organization (WHO). Links to
studies and publications.
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1999 NIEHS Report on Health Effects from Exposure to Power-Line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health
(NIH) Publication No. 99-4493. Also available as a 356 KB
PDF,
80 pages.
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AIHA White Paper on Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Fields.
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), (1993, June 15).
Summarizes the biological and health effects associated with exposure to
ELF fields and present exposure guidelines.
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Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health. International Commission for
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Standing Committee on Epidemiology, (2001,
December), 230 KB PDF,
23 pages.
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An
Evaluation of the Possible Risks From Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMFs) From Power Lines, Internal Wiring, Electrical Occupation and Appliances.
California Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Program. Provides an evaluation of the
animal, laboratory, and human evidence that shows how exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields may or may not
increase human health risks.
Leukemia and Other Cancers
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IARC
Monograph on ELF: Static and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electric and
Magnetic Fields. International Agency for Research on Cancer,
(2002), 34 KB PDF,
8 pages. After an evaluation of the scientific data, the IARC concluded
there is limited evidence on humans for the
carcinogenicity of ELF magnetic fields in relation to childhood leukemia
and categorized the agent as Class 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans).
There is inadequate evidence in relation to
all other cancers (Class 3).
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1999 NIEHS Report on Health Effects from Exposure to Power-Line
Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health
Publication No. 99-4493. States that the strongest evidence for health effects comes from associations
observed in human populations with two forms of cancer: childhood
leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in occupationally exposed
adults.
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ELF Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer: Report of an Advisory
Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Health Protection Agency, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) Documents, Volume 12, No. 1. Reviews the evidence on cancer risks from
residential and occupational extremely low frequency (ELF)- electric
magnetic field (EMF) exposures, which has been published
since an earlier NRPB report (1992).
- Assessment of Health Effects from Exposure to Power-Line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Working Group Report, (1998, August). By a vote of 19 to 9, a panel of experts convened by the NIEHS concluded
that the electric and magnetic fields like those surrounding electric power lines should be regarded as a
"possible human carcinogen." This conclusion was based largely on human epidemiological evidence in
the face of animal and other laboratory studies that the panel agreed did not support or refute the population
studies.
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Power
Lines and Cancer FAQs: Introduction. Medical College of Wisconsin. Contains questions and answers on the
connection between power lines, electrical occupations and cancer;
and includes discussion of the biophysics of interactions, summaries of the
laboratory and human studies, information on standards, and a
bibliography.
Cellular, Physiological, and Behavioral Changes
- Biological Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields: In Vivo Studies.
US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication
No. 91-111, 1.2 MB PDF,
44 pages.
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Largest study finds evidence of association between EMFs and exposed worker suicide. University of
North Carolina News Release No. 147, (2000, March 15). Provides a press release from a large and detailed positive study of the possible
link between exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and suicide among electric utility
workers.
Static Fields
Note: Although static fields are not part of the radio
frequency (RF) spectrum,
static is
most closely associated with extremely low frequency (ELF), and so is included here. At this
time, there is no Static Fields Safety and Health Topics page.
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