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Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Radiation |
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Although extremely low frequency (ELF) exposures occur
everywhere, potentially hazardous exposure depends on the strength of the ELF
fields at the source, the distance from the source, and possibly the duration of
exposure. The following references describe where significant exposures may
occur and may be useful in identifying significant exposures and possible
solutions.
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EMF (Electric and Magnetic Fields). National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) Safety and Health Topic.
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NIOSH Fact Sheet: EMFs in the Workplace.
US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), NIOSH Publication No. 96-129. A
Spanish version is also available. Answers frequently-asked questions about
extremely low frequency (ELF)- electric magnetic fields (EMFs) in the workplace and helps identify EMF sources at work and suggests simple steps for
reducing exposures.
- EMF
In The Workplace: Questions and Answers. US Department of Energy
(DOE), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and Oak
Ridge National Laboratory. (1996,
September). Provides information on occupational exposures to ELF-EMFs
and identifies EMF sources in the workplace.
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Electromagnetic Fields.
World Health Organization (WHO). Links to
studies and publications.
- Nonionizing Radiation, Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene Chapter 11.
National Safety Council (NSC),
(1988). Provides an overview of non-ionizing radiation in a popular text.
- EMF in your Environment: Magnetic Field Measurements Of Everyday
Electrical Devices. National Center for
Environmental Publications and Information (NCEPI), P.O. Box 42419 Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419, Fax Number: (513) 489-8695.
- General
Information. California Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Program. Contains
fact sheets in English and Spanish concerning EMF hazards and solutions in homes and schools.
Also, provides a link to a video that describes how improperly connected
electrical wiring could pose hazards in schools, as well as a school design guidelines
checklist which discusses practical, "no- and low-cost" techniques for
minimizing exposure to magnetic fields in new and remodeled school buildings.
- Building Checklist: General Information.
Discusses conventional "no and low cost" techniques and provides practical
ways to minimize exposure to magnetic fields in the building of new
schools. It proceeds step-by-step from initial planning and site
selection through construction, furnishing and occupancy.
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EMF Checklist Appendices. Provides information about remodeling, conducting EMF surveys, and
types of EMF shielding.
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Power
Lines and Cancer FAQ. Medical College of Wisconsin. Contains questions and answers on the
connection between power lines, electrical occupations and cancer;
a discussion of the biophysics of interactions; summaries of the
laboratory and human studies; information on standards; and a
bibliography. Also, describes ELF exposure levels and how fields can be
reduced:
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