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Petroleum Distillates (Naphtha) (Rubber Solvent)
Synonyms: Aliphatic petroleum naphtha; Petroleum naphtha; Rubber solvent
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2037
Related Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 8002-05-9 (Petroleum distillates [naphtha])
NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: SE7449000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook [4 MB PDF, 392 pages]: 1268 128
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Petroleum Distillates (Naphtha): Physical description, chemical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limit |
Limit Values |
HE Codes |
Health Factors and Target Organs |
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - General Industry
See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 |
500 ppm
(2,000 mg/m3)
TWA |
HE8 |
Dizziness, headache, anesthesia |
HE16 |
Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat |
HE11 |
Death by vascular damage and pulmonary edema |
OSHA PEL - Construction Industry
See 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A |
The composition of these materials varies greatly, and thus, a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics, and additives should be determined in order to arrive at the appropriate TLV. |
OSHA PEL - Shipyard Employment
See 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards |
The composition of these materials varies greatly, and thus, a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics, and additives should be determined in order to arrive at the appropriate TLV. |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) |
350 mg/m3 TWA
1,800 mg/m3 Ceiling
(15 minutes) |
HE7 |
Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea |
HE16 |
Irritation of the eyes, throat, and skin |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) |
TLV was withdrawn in 2009.
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CAL/OSHA PEL |
400 ppm
(1,600 mg/m3) TWA
(rubber solvent, naphtha) |
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National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Not listed
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3 [62 KB PDF, 20 pages] (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans [crude oil]); Group 3 [2 MB PDF, 35 pages] (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans [petroleum solvents, including rubber solvent])
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Not listed
EPA Inhalation Reference Concentration (RfC): Not established
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Inhalation Minimal Risk Level (MRL): Not established
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) concentration: 1,100 ppm (10% LEL)
Notes on Other Potential Health Effects
- Petroleum distillates are combustible (NIOSH/IPCS 2001).
- This mixture may contain n-hexane, which is metabolized to the neurotoxin 2,5-hexanedione (see hexane) (Creaser et al. 1983; Ono et al. 1982).
- Exposure to petroleum distillates may increase the risk of developing undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) (Lacey et al. 1999).
Date Last Revised: 9/6/2012
Literature Basis
- Creaser, C., Welch, J., and Bishop, K.: n-Hexane in petroleum ether fractions. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 27(2): 229-230, 1983.
- Lacey J.V. Jr., Garabrant, D.H., Laing, T.J., Gillespie, B.W., Mayes, M.D., Cooper, B.C., Schottenfeld, D.: Petroleum distillate solvents as risk factors for undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). Am J Epidemiol 149(8): 761-770, 1999.
- NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Refined Petroleum Solvents. 1977.
- NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Petroleum Distillates (Naphtha). 1978.
- NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements [6 MB PDF, 217 pages]. 1992.
- NIOSH/IPCS: International Chemical Safety Cards - Distillates, Petroleum, Solvent-Refined Heavy Paraffinic. 2001.
- Ono, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Hisanaga, N., Iwata, M., Kitoh, J., and Sugiura, Y.: Neurotoxicity of petroleum benzine compared with n-hexane. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 50(3): 219-229, 1982.
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
- sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
alternate analytical solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide: Dimethylformamide
maximum volume: 3 Liters
maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 48)
method classification: Fully Validated
** All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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