
NOTICE: This is an OSHA Archive Document, and no longer represents OSHA Policy. It is presented here as historical content, for research and review purposes only. |
Safety & Health Guide for the Chemical Industry
U.S. Department of Labor
William E. Brock, Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health Administration John A. Pendergrass, Assistant Secretary
1986
OSHA 3091
Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission of the Federal Government. Source credit is requested but not required. Permission is required only to reproduce any copyrighted material contained herein.
Introduction
More than two thousand deaths from a methyl isocyanate chemical leak in Bhopal, India, drew world attention to serious hazards in the chemical industry. Following that tragedy, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) developed guidelines to aid emplioyers in reducing the number of potential hazards in chemical industries. This publication is designed to encourage chemical industry review and safety precautions to guard against chemical disasters. It contains guidelines used by OSHA compliance officers to evaluate employer safety programs, particularly in the areas of disaster prevention and emergency response. It also includes two lists of acutely toxic chemicals whose presence in the workplace should signal the need for safety and health measures to protect workers.
The guidelines are aimed at the conditions and processes found in the "chemical industry," inciuding (but not limited to) firms in SICs 28 and 29. However, they are written to be used in a wide spectrum of workplaces which produce industrial and consumer chemical products. OSHA also publishes a manual called "How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies" which can help any type of business in developing an emergency plan. A free copy may be obtained from any OSHA area office.
Disaster Prevention
There are three tasks to perform before any meaningful analysis of an emergency response system can begin. The first The first task is to identify the key processes and elements of the production process and to understand how operational processes are kept within safe bounds under normal conditions. Conceptually, it is the normal process instrumentation and control measures that provide the first and greatest degree of protection to plant employees and to the public. The four areas listed below identify some major subsystems or components which are commonly found in chemical plants. Each has a bearing on the safety of operations under normal and emergency conditions.
- A management subsystem which includes management personnel, process specifications, plant design, standard operating procedures, and the written emergency plan.
- A personnel subsystem which assigns and defines roles, for both normal and emergency operations, and provides appropriate training. This may also include labor/management safety committees.
- A physical subsystem which may include transportation systems for materials, ventilation systems, waste removal systems, containment systems, refrigeration systems, storage areas, communications systems, and other process related equipment
- An emergency services subsystem including plant and community components.
The third task is to identify the emergency response system that is embedded in the operating system. Conceptually, it is a latent system that is active only when preventative measures have failed and an incident has occurred. This system is the most difficult to evaluate because:
- It is not observable except in emergencies.
- The emergency response system also may involve resources and subsystems that lie wholly or partially outside of the physical or managerial boundaries of the chemical plant. For example, local firefighters may supplement in-plant fire brigades; local hospitals may provide care to injured workers in addition to in-plant first aid; local police may be involved with traffic control, evacuating of workers and community, and expediting communications and the flow of emergency and rescue equipment.
- Finally, there is the question of defining the point at which the emergency system "shuts down" and normal operations begin after an emergency.
All the planning and preparation of safe plant operation is meaningless, unless it can be implemented. In the event of a problem, there is no time for committee or front office decisions. Correct decisions have to be made at the lowest organizational level possible, and those decisions have to be communicated to other affected personnel. This section is intended to establish whether those elements have been considered in the program.
- Who is in charge? What are the lines of authority under normal operating conditions? in transition times, like during startup and shutdown procedures? In emergencies?
- Can information be transmitted quickly and easily from: worker to supervisor? supervisor to worker?
- How is information exchange accomplished during transition periods (starting and stopping work)?
- Is operator jargon commonly and completely understood by those affected by the jargon? Examples: MIC -- methyl isocyanate, Black Betsy -- boiler, Monitor -- stationary firefighting nozzles.
- Are signals clear? Are audible signals distinguishable and understood?
- How has management with requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)? Are monitoring records, training records, and material safety data sheets available?
- Standard operating procedures should be examined and discussed. The process of updating these procedures -- including modifications, communication, and training -- should be understood.
- Does a written emergency plan exist? It be discussed with management. It should be understood which contingencies are included in the plan, why they are included, and why management considers them to be adequate for the process, site, and situation.
- What are the job classifications of employees who work at the site? Are all job titles present on all work shifts? Are there potentially crucial omissions?
- Are employees aware of their roles during emergencies? Are all critical tasks represented on all shifts?
- Who is responsible for training employees? How often is training provided covering standard operating procedures? Emergency procedures? How is effectiveness of training evaluated by management?
It is obviously to see the physical plant and to relate information contained in operating procedures, emergency plans, and "blueprints" with actual structures, materials, and processes. In inspecting the physical plant, the underlying question is "What keeps this operation -- or this phase of the operation -- within safe limits, including mechanical and electronic systems, human intervention, and routine maintenance activity?" Particular attention should be given to:
Plant Layout
Plant layout has some specific safety aspects.
Examples include:
- Separation and isolation
- Chemicals which may react with one another are to be physically separated, oxidizers are to be stored in areas remote from fuel storage.
- Areas of potential explosions storage of explosives, reaction vessels) are to be isolated so if there is an explosion, the damage and risk to employees is minimized.
- Chemicals which may react with one another are to be physically separated, oxidizers are to be stored in areas remote from fuel storage.
- Drainage
- Where hazardous liquids may leak or spill from piping or vessels, what provisions are made to prevent their spread to areas where employees may be exposed to the hazard? Examples of possible methods include diking and grading.
- Has the company made any provisions to control unexpected hazardous vapor or gas releases within the drain lines?
- Where hazardous liquids may leak or spill from piping or vessels, what provisions are made to prevent their spread to areas where employees may be exposed to the hazard? Examples of possible methods include diking and grading.
- Housekeeping
- Are work areas well maintained?
- Are work areas well maintained?
- Enclosed spaces
- Some processes which are safe in open air may become hazardous if enclosed. If areas of potential or frequent leaks or spills are enclosed to prevent environmental contamination or the spread of the chemicalk, are there adequate precautions to protect employees? Examples include ventilating the room and treating the exhaust; automatically sampling the air in the room or vault; having employees sample before entering the room.
At least two factors should be considered in materials selection: First, will the contaminate or cause a reaction in the chemicals to be handled or processed? Second, will the chemicals to be processed attach or destroy the equipment? For all chemical processes: there are preferred materials; preferences sometimes are economic, and sometimes they arc based on chemical reactivity or compatibility. The intent here is to identify readily available materials that might be used but that are incompatible with the chemicals involved. (For copper tubing should not be used with acetylene because it catalyzee a reaction in the acetylene.) These questions are pertinent to chemicals in all categories (i.e., health, flammability, reactivity). Among questions to be asked are:
- Are any metals incompatible with the chemicals so that they should not be used for process equipment, piping, or storage systems?
- Are any sealing materials for use in packing (e.g., pumps) or gaskets (e.g., flanges) incompatible with the chemicals so they should not be used in process equipment, piping, or storage systems?
- If incompatible materials are identified; what procedures does the company have to ensure that only acceptable materials are used in new or refurbished equipment? Besides purchase order specifications, is there also inspection by plant personnel to ensure the specifications were followed?
Potentially reactive chemicals may have their reactions catalyzed by common materials which easily enter systems whenever seals are opened. Examples include water or rust which may easily enter a system during transfer from one vessel to another, either during hookup or disconnect, or during pressurizing or venting of tanks.
- If such potential catalysts are identified, how are they excluded from the system? Examples include:
- If vessels are pressurized by inert gases, are there filters in the gas lines to remove solid particles?
- If vacuum relief or pressure relief valves are on the vessels, how are they protected so potentiaiiy hazardous contaminant can enter through them when open?
- If vessels are pressurized by inert gases, are there filters in the gas lines to remove solid particles?
- When systems are opened for maintenance purposes, what precautions are taken to prevent contamination? What is done to safeguard the system while it is open? What precautions are taken to ensure that replacement parts are free of contaminants incompatible and/or incompatiablematerials? When connections are made and broken (e.g., during transfer from rail cars or trucks), what measures are taken to ensure contaminants do not enter the system?
Much plant equipment could be considered ancillary to the production processes. Examples of systems that may need to be present, properly inspected, and functional are:
- Emergency eye wash or shower.
- Fixed fire suppression equipment.
- Portable firefighting equipment, if employees or a fire brigade are to use portable firefighting equipment.
Inspection and Maintenance
All equipment must be shut down sometime, no matter how infrequently. When safety systems are shut down, what backup systems or procedures are available to provide replacement protection (e.g., stop process until safety systems are available again)? If shutoff valves can isolate safety relief valves, what measures ensure that the system is protected from over-pressurization (e.g., person stationed to monitor pressure)? What system is in place to ensure that maintenance of critical safety features are corrected immediately? What ensures that less critical features are corrected within a reasonable period?
Pressure vessels also need periodic inspection and testing because of normal wear and potential corrosion either at welds or in the base material. The combination of pressure and volume determine the hazard: high volume, low pressure systems can have the same potential energy for release as low volume, high pressure systems.
When potentially corrosive chemicals are used (e.g., acids, caustics), or the plant atmosphere is corrosive (e.g., near the ocean, or from chemical releases within the plant), what measures are taken to ensure system integrity? Examples include periodic pressure testing, x-ray, etc.
General Containment and Controls
During normal operations it is difficult if not impossible to keep material completely in a closed system. Vacuum must be relieved when a liquid level drops, and pressure must be relieved when the tank is refilled. For toxic, flammable, and reactive chemicals, the questions to be asked focus on minimizing such necessary releases and rendering the released chemicals harmless before discharge to the atmosphere. Examples of questions to be pursued include:
- Where do emergency relief vents discharge? Are they piped to scrubbers, neutralizers, incinerators, precipitators, etc. to remove hazardous materials?
- What precautions are taken to minimize spills when connections are broken? Is the line purged prior to the disconnect? Are purge gases treated? Are quick disconnects used? Do employees wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when disconnecting? Is there a dike or some method to collect and contain small spills or releases? Is the area ventilated and is ventilated air treated?
As long as chemicals are maintained in a closed system, they are safe and harmless. Chemical processes using hazardous chemicals should be designed to maintain that closed system. After design and maintenance, the only potential problems are: introduction of raw into the closed system and the removal of products (either the desired product for shipment or waste) from the closed systems. This section deals with those hazards.
- How are raw materials received and shipped?
- Are raw materials transfers accomplished in a closed system?
- Who performs transfer (company or shipper)?
- Is the system pressurized or blanketed?
- Do critical systems have connections that are not interchangeable? Examples: potable water wtih process water? water and reactive chemicals? incompatible reactive chemicals?
- Who performs transfer (company or shipper)?
- How are unwanted products disposed of:
- Vents: are vents properly directed?
- Flare towers?
- Scrubbers?
- Ditches: properly lined? Where do they drain?
- Tertiary treatment?
- Are provisions made or considered to preclude incompatible chemical mixing in waste drainage?
- Vents: are vents properly directed?
Suitable controls and instruments should be provided for both normal conditions of operation and for emergencies. Instrumentation includes sensors, indicators, recorders, and transmitters for measurements such as temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, and analysis.
Many self-acting control devices, such as pressure regulators, normally fail in the open position, which may be the unsafe position. In such cases, emergency backup controls should be provided. In the case of pressure regulators, this includes pressure relieving devices down-stream and automatic shutoff valves interlocked with excess pressure switches.
- Do instruments and controls consider failure in their design?
Examples: Control valves should be arranged so that, on loss of instrument air or actuating power, they will go into the safe position. Where loss of instrument air or power could lead to an unsafe condition, emergency air or power supplies should be provided.
- Are instruments made of material capable of withstanding the corrosive or erosive conditions to which they are subjected?
- Do instrument sensors measure the true status of the system they are designed to protect or control?
- Examples: In a large reactor, many thermocouples may be needed since the temperature may not be uniform throughout. In sensing liquid flow through a pipe, a flow switch in the pipe is more reliable than monitoring power supply to a pump.
- Are grouped instrument leads and control locations protected against exposure to explosion, fire, or toxic chemicals where they are critically needed to shut down the process safely? In addition to normal controls, are accessible emergency controls provided by which pumps or automatic valves controlling the flow of flammable liquids could be operated in event of fire?
- Are all indicating dials, indicating lights, recorders, alarms, and switches which affect process safety conspicuously labeled as to their function and meaning?
- Are instruments constructed and installed so that they can be easily inspected and maintained?
- Are separate safety control and interlock systems relied upon rather than relying on the production process control system for safety supervision of the process?
- Are instruments in hazardous areas (as defined in National Electrical Code) intrinsically safe or or enclosed so that they will not act as ignition sources?
- Are critical measurements recorded (as is preferable) rather than merely indicated by lights or dials so that rate of change in processes will be more readily evident, and greater management supervision can be maintained over operator practices?
- Do important control valves have steel bodies and are they yoked to withstand fire exposure, impact, and vibration?
- How often is routine maintenance or replacement performed on key instruments?
Piping and instrument diagrams are used to follow the formulation or reaction process and also to check safety devices and system protections. Questions that may be asked include:
- Do reaction vessels, storage tanks, or pressure vessels have safety relief devices to prevent over-pressurization?
- Are there shutoff valves that can render safety relief devices ineffective? If so, what additional precautions are taken?
- Where do materials vent when released through the safety relief devices?
- If there is a loss of electrical or pneumatic power, do controls fail in a mode that is safe?
- Will instrumentation detect leaks and spills? (E.g., when material is being pumped from one vessel to another, is there any check to assure that as the level falls in one vessel, it rises in the other?)
- Are temperature or liquid level controls or alarms provided?
- Are piping, valves, and fittings designed according to the recognized standards for the working pressures, temperatures, structural stresses, and chemical conditions to which may be subjected? Is non-destructive testing conducted routinely to ensure that minimum wall thicknesses are maintained?
- Is piping well-supported and protected against physical damage?
- Are pipe lines for reactive chemicals pitched to drain, with drain valves at low points?
- Are main shutoff valves which can affect the safety of the system conspicuously labeled?
- Do shutoff valves indicate their "open" or "shut" position?
- Where improper operations or leaking of valves can lead to a hazardous situation, are interlocked valves or double valves and vents used to minimize hazard?
- Heating or cooling systems may be for product control or for safety control. Cooling may be necessary to prevent a runaway reaction in reaction vessels. Reactive chemicals also may be cooled in storage to provide more time to respond to an initiated reaction.
- What protective devices are there for the heating or cooling systems? temperature alarms? backup systems or redundancies? procedural controls?
- Are heat transfer materials for heating or cooling incompatible with reactive materials?
- Is refrigeration automatically actuated in emergencies?
- Are manual valves located in safe areas?
- Are intermittent power failures considered and backup provisions implemented?
- What protective devices are there for the heating or cooling systems? temperature alarms? backup systems or redundancies? procedural controls?
- Are there explosion suppression systems? How are they tested and maintained?
- Are systems inerted to exclude contaminants which may be catalysts or reactive materials? Examples include:
- Passivating vessels and piping or components (before system startup).
- Providing an inert gas atmosphere such as a nitrogen blanket on flammable materials.
- Submerging reactive materials (such as sodium in kerosene).
- Passivating vessels and piping or components (before system startup).
Do furnaces and heaters have:
- Adequate draft?
- Positive fuel ignition?
- Combustion safeguards?
- Fuel controls?
- Water or liquid level indicators?
- Pressure relief devices?
- High temperature alarms?
- Emergency shutoff facilities?
- Backflow protection?
All wiring and electrical equipment in chemical plants must be installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code. Equipment used must be approved where applicable.
- Proper installation and maintenance is essential.
- Adequate clearance or insulation should be provided between conduits and hot surfaces to prevent damage to the wiring insulation.
- Equipment must be properly grounded and/or bonded in hazardous areas to minimize static electricity, both within and outside of equipment. Are other appropriate steps taken to prevent buildup of a static charge?
- Equipment should be shielded from lightning by protective ground wires, rods, or masts.
The design and construction of pressure vessels and storage tanks must be in accordance with accepted engineering principles.
- Pressure vessels must be designed and constructed in accordance with appiicabie codes, standards, state and local laws, and regulations.
- Vessels should be equipped with overpressure protection as required. Vents should be arranged to discharge to a point where ignition of escaping vapors or liquids will not seriously expose personnel, the equipment, or structures. Relief devices hould be kept free of corrosion or fouling and should be operable at all times.
- Often an intert atmosphere is maintained in a vessel or tank to keep the atmosphere out of the flammable range. The consequences of contamination or failure to use an inert gas should be analyzed and equipment or procedures should be devised to cover the situation.
- Unprotected sight glasses should be avoided in process equipment wherever possible.
- Vessels should be equipped with overpressure protection as required. Vents should be arranged to discharge to a point where ignition of escaping vapors or liquids will not seriously expose personnel, the equipment, or structures. Relief devices hould be kept free of corrosion or fouling and should be operable at all times.
- Storage tanks be designed based on the quantity, pressure, reactivity, and corrosiveness of the material stored. The design should inciude overpressure equipment and vents and should consider the interrelationship of each part of the overall system, e.g., the effect of a gasket which blows out at 25 psi at one point in the system when the relief valves are set at 60 psi.
Pumps and compressors are the work horses of chemical plants for moving every type of liquid and gas.
- Failure of moving parts or packing glands can cause escape of flammable or toxic liquids or gases. Remotely controlled switches and shutoff valves are needed to control the flow of fuel in an emergency.
- Equipment used for transfer of flammable vapors or gases should be installed to minimize vibration and thus to avoid loosening of fittings and joints.
General Principles
Assessing the adequacy of a written emergency plan is an art, not a science. It involves judgment as to the reasonableness of the assumptions underlying the plan (e.g., what is a reasonable worst-case estimate?) as well as the adequacy of countermeasures designed to protect life and to limit environmental and property damage.
A few general principles may be useful in approaching this task:
- Are the priorities of the plan clearly stated as to -- safety of plant personnel and the public? control of hazard? minimizing damage to property?
- Does the plan deal with with reasonable accident scenarios (minor incident to "worst case")?
- Is the plan practical?
- Is the plan simple?
- Is the plan easy to understand?
- Will it deal with any type of emergency? For example, are contingencies included for: fire and explosion? release of highly toxic materials? large chemical spills? acts of nature? sabotage including bomb threats, etc.?
- Has attention been given to emergencies which may occur during inclement weather?
- Is the plan updated periodically, e.g., annually or whenever processes, procedures, or key personnel change?
- Are there emergency drills or simulations involving all members of the response team including public agencies?
- Are responses reviewed to determine areas where improvement is needed?
- How are the results of the drill evaluations communicated to the employees?
- Are drills conducted for all shifts?
- Are safety responsibilities a "critical element" in supervisors' performance standards? For example, how is safety performance considered relative to production demands and is it factored into performance appraisals?
- Has plant management worked with community leaders to develop an appropriate public response plan?
When assessing the adequacy of a written emergency plan, questions concerning control and coordination include:
- Will one person be designated to coordinate all efforts? Is there always an individual onsite who has been trained and has the ability to take the initial actions necessary to minimize the emergency?
- Has there been prior consideration/coordination of all potential response groups or agencies such that there will not be loss of control due over-or underresponse?
- Does the the safety committee have oversight relative to the plan? Are employee representatives an integral part of the committee? Are members involved in plant audits? How do they receive feedback on action taken relative to their recommendations?
- Has the plan been distrubited to:
- All key personnel up and down the company chain of command including employee representatives and the switchboard operator?
- Police officials?
- Fire officials and paramedics?
- Local government?
- Hospitals and physicians?
- Mutual aid industries?
- Utility companies?
- All key personnel up and down the company chain of command including employee representatives and the switchboard operator?
- When changes are made in the emergency plan, have provisions been established to communicate those changes to individuals with a need to know?
- What wnat mechanisms exist to allow the reporting of unsafe acts or unathroized employees in high hazard areas?
- Will a control center be established in a safe location? Alternatively: are process control centers already established in safe locations, with appropriate architecture and support systems?
- Are procedures in place for notifying transient personnel on the site, such as delivery and shipping services, an emergency through the most likely site contacts (e.g., shipping, receiving sections)?
- Are emergency rosters and call out plans developed?
- Are emergency service listings and phone numbers developed and distributed? Does the switchboard operator have a copy? Do all phones have a brief listing of immediately needed emergency numbers posted on them?
- Are organizational charts developed and distributed for day-to-day operators and emergency operators?
- Are lists of raw materials, intermediates, products, and their locations within the plant provided with the plan?
- Are the associated hazardous chemicals listed in accordance with the OSHA Communication Standard?
- Are flammable, reactive, physical, radioactive, and other hazards listed?
- Are the associated hazardous chemicals listed in accordance with the OSHA Communication Standard?
- Are appropriate disposal methods listed?
- Are current maps, flow diagrams, and blueprints part of the plan? overall site map? adjoining city and/or state maps including local topography?
- Will additional security be needed and planned for?
- Will strict accountability of personnel entering and leaving the area be maintained?
- Will only authorized personnel be granted entry?
- Will traffic control be a problem?
- Are certain areas of the site more vulnerable to sabotage?
- Will strict accountability of personnel entering and leaving the area be maintained?
The questions concerning the procedures set forth in a written emergency include
- Are condensed instructions (such as checklists for evacuation or shutdown) part of the written plan?
- Are designated duties and alternate duties of each person clearly and briefly described? Are vacations, holidays, weekends, and 2nd and 3rd shift situations considered?
- Have procedures been established for employees who remain on site to perform critical operations during emergency situations?
- Have responsibilities and procedures been established for those who are assigned rescue or firefighting duties? Are these employees required to take physical examinations which demonstrate their fitness to perform such duties? If so, how frequently are these examinations administered?
- If the company has elected to use a fire brigade are the appropriate requirements of 29 CFR 1910.156 being met?
- What is the company's position on the use and availability of fire extinguishers?
- Are rescue teams formally trained in search and resuce procedures? Are they familiar with the location of utility disconnects and all evacuation routes? Are they provided with appropriate PPE and trained in first aid/emergency medical treatment? Are they provided with communication equipment? Are resuce/response personnel provided with a properly equipped vehicle(s) to reduce response time?
- Are documents readily available for reference in an emergency? Are decision logic (decision making) charts (or other eoduments) furmulated for planning and executing the following activities:
- Selection of protective clothing?
- Selection of respiratory protection?
- Emergency shutdown of equipment?
- Evacuation of the plant?
- Evacuation of the surrounding populace?
- How did management arrive at these decisions?
- Selection of protective clothing?
- Have definite volumes of air contaminants been established which, when released, trigger either onsite and/or offiste emergencies?
- Have dispersion models been calculated to assist in planning of evacuation? If not, how does management deal with a hazard that is sperading into new areas of the plant and the community?
- Are employees or recovery personnel trained and are procedures in place for monitoring the site and adjacent areas to identify levels of contaminants as well as their location (atmosphere/land/water) and direction of travel.
- Is emergency equipment provided in adequate quantities and placed in useable locations; e.g., emergency power generators for emergency lighting and shutdowns; pumps and valves located for supplying water to fight fires; PPE, safety showers connected to alarms, etc.?
- Is emergency equipment checked, tested, and calibrated periodically for operational readiness?
- Are personnel trained and experienced in its use?
- Is emergency equipment of appropriate type for any emergency which may occur?
- Is emergency equipment checked, tested, and calibrated periodically for operational readiness?
- Are local emergency response personnel brought into the site periodically for familiarization?
- Are potential problem areas and processes pointed out and discussed?
- Are locations where personnel normally work pointed out?
- Are potential problem areas and processes pointed out and discussed?
- Are primary and backup tow-way communication systems developed and in place? Are they vulnerable to power failure or other disruption? Do ambient plant noise levels interfere with voice communication?
- Is mutual aid equipment that might be borrowed in an emergency compatible with site equipment?
- Is there a written spill control plan, e.g., containment, neutralization, disposal, appropriate PPE, etc.?
- Are incompatibilities of released material anticipated?
- Are normally innocuous materials likely to become hazardous due to an emergency? For For example, any materials which are water reactive would influence the method of firefighting; certain materials when heated release hazardous levels of toxic substances not existing during normal conditions, etc.
Are hospitals, physicians, and other medical/paramedical staff provided with:
- Lists of hazardous chemicals and Material Safety Data Sheets?
- Acute symptoms?
- Delayed symptoms?
- Bioassay tests?
- Special treatment required?
- Lists of hazardous chemicals and Material Safety Data Sheets?
- Have local health care professionals been involved in the development or review of theplan?
- Is public information planned and is one person designated as spokesperson to avoid speculation and panic? coordinated with other responding groups?
- Are there formal accident and near-miss investigation responsibilities and procedures developed? What is the policy on investigating injury versus non-injury accidents? Are reports required? Are causal analyses performed?
- Has any consideration been given to potential sewer contamination during an emergency/disaster, e.g., introduction of or toxic materials into the system?
The Secretary of Labor has said that "the cornerstone of any successful, effective safety and health program is accurate and complete recordkeeping." Because of its importance, OSHA places special importance on recordkeeping.
Employers of 11 or more employees must maintain records of occupational injuries, illnesses. and deaths as they occur. The purposes of keeping such records are to inform employees of the effectiveness of their employer's safety and health program, to permit the Bureau of Labor Statistics
to complete survey material, and to help define hazardous industries.
In addition, while the following items are not required for all OSHA standards, they should be recorded to accurately monitor and assess occupational hazards.
Initial and periodic monitoring, including the date of measurement, operation involving exposure, sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy: number, duration, and results of samples taken: type of respiratory protective devices worn: and name, social security number, and the results of all employee exposure measurements. This record should be kept for 30 years.All records should be made available, upon request, to the OSHA Assistant Secretary, the Directory of NIOSH, affected employees, former employees, and designated representatives.
Employee physical/medical examinations, including the name and social security number of the employee; physician's written opinions: any employee medical complaints related to exposure to toxic substances: and information provided to the examining physician. These records should be maintained for the duration of employment plus 30 years.
Employee Training. These records should be kept for one year beyond the last date of employment by that employee.
Training
An adequate emergency plan will address a training program. The following questions apply:
- Are supervisors trained periodically? Are front line supervisors and employees involved in plan review and development in their areas?
- Have employees and front line supervisors been trained in the recognition of early warning signs (e.g., unusual odors or sounds, signs and symptoms of exposure, unusual vessel temperature or pressure readings, leaks, vibraion, etc.)?
- Is safety and emergency plan training provided to all new employees and all other employees who assume a new job? How often is emergency response training repeated?
- Are front line supervisors involved in training employees? To what extent?
- Is there a method to evaluate training?
- Are contractors who come on site required to undergo specific training in hazards and precautions?
It is essential that an effective plan for evacuation of during an emergency situation be included in the overall written emergency plan. Questions concerning this aspect of the plan include:
- Are decision logic charts available such that supervisors on each shift could make an informed decision to evacuate the site?
- Are decision logic charts available such that the supervisors on each shift could provide local authorities the information necessary to decide when to evacuate the surrounding population?
- Has cooperation of the local weather bureau been coordinated to predict temperature, winds, inversion levels, and other meteorologic conditions that could affect gas or vapor concentrations?
- Are formulas or dispersion models provided for calculating concentrations of air contaminants down wind?
- Have evacuation routes inside and outside the plant been planned and coordinated with local authorities?
- Have employees and the local populace been informed of the routes to be used?
- Are primary and alternate evacuation routes clearly indicated in the plan?
- Have employees and the local populace been informed of the routes to be used?
- Are detection and alarm systems provided, e.g., for fire or toxic release?
- Are there any periodic checks to ensure that detection and alarm systems are maintained in operable conditions?
- Do alarm systems meet the requirements, as appropriate, of 29 CFR 1910.165?
- Are there any periodic checks to ensure that detection and alarm systems are maintained in operable conditions?
- Are evacuation instructions and signals for evacuation clear and understood by employees and by the surrounding popuiace?
- Have provisions been made for the evacuation of handicapped persons?
- Have "safe distances" been considered when regrouping areas were designated?
- Have evacuation wardens been designated?
- Are supervisors on each shift capable of executing the entire plan on their own?
- Are employees instructed to proceed to regrouping points located cross wind from the source and at a "safe distance" from the danger zone? Are the regrouping points well known by employees? Have restrictive topographical conditions been considered?
- Is there a wind sock or wind vane on the site to determine wind direction?
- Is a complete copy of the emergency plan located in a safe place?
- Are adequate supplies and equipment located at these points?
- Are key personnel designated to make accountability checks at the regrouping points and to report the medical conditions of present and the names of those missing?
- Are adequate communication systems available at these points?
- Is there a wind sock or wind vane on the site to determine wind direction?
When evaluating plans for reentry and cleanup of an area which has been evacuated due to an emergency situation, the following questions should considered:
- Will safe levels for reentry be determined through environmental sampling by competent persons?
- Are chemical residues likely to present a hazard?
- Could the disaster have created unstable chemicals?
- Are "booby traps" likely to be present from the incident?
- Hangup?
- Unstable structures?
- Developed pressure in pipes, vessels, containers, and pumps?
- Hangup?
- Are employees qualified to do cleanup tasks? Will greater hazards likely result from attempting to maintain their employment rather than with contract companies who are experienced in the required tasks?
- How is equipment decontaminated?
- Is critical safety equipment on hand prior to startup operations?
APPENDIX I
Toxic Chemicals
The following list was developed as part of an international effort to identify chemical hazards. OSHA adopted the list as published in 1985 by the International Labor Organization as an aid in ranking hazards for inspection targeting purposes.
- 4-Aminodiphenyl
- Benzidine
- Benzidine salts
- Dimethylnitrosarnine
- 2-Naphthylamine
- Beryllium (powders, compounds)
- Bis(chloromethyl)ether
- 1,3-Propanesultone
- 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
- Arsenic pentoxide, Arsenic (V) acid and salts
- Arsenic trioxide, Arsenious (III) acid and salts
- Arsenic hydride (Arsine)
- Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
- 4-(Chloroformyl) morpholine
- Carbonyl chloride (Phosgene)
- Chlorine
- Hydrogen ksulphide
- Acrylonitrile
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Carbon disulphide
- Bromine
- Acetylene (Ethyne)
- Hydrogen
- Ethylene oxide
- Propylene oxide
- 2-Cyanopropan-2-ol (Acetone cyanohydrin)
- 2-Propenal (Acrolein)
- 2-Propen-l-ol (Allyl alcohol)
- Allylamine
- Antimony hydride (Stibine)
- Ethyleneimine
- Formaldehyde (concentration>90%
- Hydrogen phosphide (Phosphine)
- Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
- Methyl isocyanate
- Nitrogen oxides
- Sodium selenite
- Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulphide
- Phosacetim
- Tetraethyl lead
- Tetramethyl lead
- Promurit (1-(34-Dichlorophenyl)3-triazenethio-carboxamide)
- Chlorfenvinphos
- Crimidine
- Chloromethyl methyl ether
- Dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidic acid
- Carbophenothion
- Dialifos
- Cyanthoate
- Amiton
- Oxydisulfoton
- 00-Diethyl S-ethylsulphinylmethyl phosphorothioate
- OO-Diethyl S-ethylsulphonylmethyl phosphorothioate
- Disulfoton
- Demeton
- Demeton
- Phorate
- 00-Diethyl S-phosphorodithioate
- OO-Diethyl S-isopropylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate
- Pyrazoxon
- Pensulfothion
- Paraoxon (Diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosophate)
- Parathion
- Azinphos-ethyl
- oo-Diethyl S-propylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate
- Thionazin
- Carbofuran
- Phosphamidon
- Tirpate (2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dithiolane-2-carboxaldehydeO-methylcarbamoyloxime
- Mevinphos
- Parathion-methyl
- Azinphos-methyl
- Cycloheximide
- Diphacinone
- Tetramethylenedisulphotetramine
- EPN
- 4-Fluorobutyric acid>
- 4-Fluorobutyric acid, salts
- 4-Fluorobutyric acid, esters
- 4-Fluorobutyric acid, amides
- 4-Fluorocrotonic acid
- 4-Fluorocrotonic acid, salts
- 4-Fluorocrotonic acid, esters
- 4-Fluorocrotonic acid, amides
- Fluoroacetic acid
- Fluoroacetic acid, salts
- Fluoroacetic acid, esters
- Fluoroacetic acid, amides
- Fluenetil
- 4-Fluoro-2-hydroxybutyric acid
- 4-Fluoro-2-hydroxybutyric acid, salts
- 4-Fluoro-2-hydroxybutyric acid, esters
- 4-Fluoro-2-hydroxybutyric acid, amides
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Hydroxyacetonitrile (Glycolonitrile)
- 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
- Isodrin
- Hexamethylphosphoramide
- Juglone (5-Hydroxynaphtalene,1-4-dione)
- Warfin
- 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)
- Ethion
- Aldicarb
- Nickel tetracarbonyl
- Isobenzan
- Pentaborane
- 1-Propen-2-chloro-1.3-diol-diacetate
- Propyleneimine
- Oxygen difluoride
- Sulphur dichloride
- Selenium hexafluoride
- Hydrogen selenide
- TEPP
- Sulfotep
- Dimefox
- 1-Tri(cyclohexy)stannyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole
- Triethylenemelamine
- Triethylenemelamine
- Cobalt (powders, compounds)
- Nickel (powders, compounds)
- Anabasine
- Tellurium hexafluoride
- Trichloromethanesulphenyl chloride
- 1,2-Dibromethane (Ethylene dibromide)
- Flammable substances as defined in Annex IV (c)(i)
- Flammable substances as defined in Annex IV (c)(ii)
- Diazodinitrophenol
- Diethylene glycol dinitrate
- Dinitrophenol, salts
- 1-Guanyl-4-nitrosaminoguanyl-1-tetrazene
- Bis (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)amine
- Hydrazine nitrate
- Nitroglycerine
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
- Trinitroaniline
- 2,4,6-Trinitroanisole
- Trintrobenzene
- Trinitrobenzoic acid
- Chlorotrinitrobenzene
- N-Methyl-N,2,3,4-N-tetranitroamiline
- 2,4,6-Trinitrophynol (Picric acid)
- Trinitrocresol
- 2,4,6-Trinitrophenetold
- 2,4,6-Trinitroresorcinol (Styphnic acid)
- 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
- Ammonium nitrate 1
- Cellulose nitrate (containing > 12.6% nitrogen)
- Sulphur dioxide
- Hydrogen chloride (liquified gas)
- Flammable substances as defined in Annex IV (c)(iii)
- Sodium chlorate 1
- tert-Butyl peroxyacetate (concentration > 70%
- tert-Butyl peroxyisobutrate (concentration > 80%)
- tert-Butyl peroxymaleate (concentration > 80%)
- tert-Butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate (concentration > 80%
- Dibenzyl peroxydicarbonate (concentration > 90%)
- 2,2-Bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane (concentration > 70%)
- 1,1-Bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (concentration > 80%)
- Di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate (concentration > 80%)
- 2,2-Dihydroperoxypropane (concentration > 30%)
- Di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate (concentration > 80%)
- 3,3,6,6,9,9-Hexamethyl-1,2,4,5-tetroxacyclononane (concentration > 75%)
- Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (concentration > 60%)
- Methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide (concentration > 60%)
- Peracetic acid (concentration > 60%)
- Lead axide
- Lead 2,4-6-trinitroresorcinoxide (Lead sytphnate)
- Mercury fulminate
- Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
- 2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexanitrostilbene
- 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene
- Ethylene glycol dinitrate
- Ethyl nitrate
- Sodium picramate
- Barium azide
- Di-isobutryl peroxide (concentration > 50%)
- Diethyl peroxydicarbonate (concentration > 30%)
- tert-Butyl peroxypivalate (concentration > 77%)
1 Where this substance is in a state which gives it properties cabaple of creating a major-accident hazard.
APPENDIX II
Acutely Toxic Chemicals
The Environmental Protection Agency published this comprehensive list of acutely toxic chemicals in November, 1985 to help identify hazardous chemicals in use in the United States. This alphabetical list contains the chemical name as well as the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number.
Common Name | CAS Codes |
Acetone cyanohydrin Acetone thiosemicarbazide Acrolein Acrylyl chloride Aldicarb Aldrin Allyl alcohol Allylamine Aluminum phosphide Aminopterin Amiton Amiton oxalate Ammonium chloroplatinate Amphetamine Aniline, 2,4,6-trimethyl- Antimony pentafluoride Antimycin A ANTU Arsenic pentoxide Arsenous oxide Arsenous trichloride Arsine Azinphos-ethyl Azinphos-methyl Aziridine Bacitracin Benzenamine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)- Benzene, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-nitro- Benzenearsoinc acid Benzenesulfonyl chloride Benzotrichloride Benzoyl chloride Benzyl chloride Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonitrile, 5-chloro-6-((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)imino)- ,(1-alpha,2-beta,4-alpha,5-alpha,6E))- Bis(chloromethyl) ketone Bitoscanate Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Boron trifluoride compound with methyl ether (1:1) Bromadiolone Butadiene Butyl isovalerate Butyl vinyl ether C.I. basic green 1 Cadmium oxide Cadmium stearate Calcium arsenate Camphechlor Cantharidin Carbachol chloride Carbamic acid, methyl-, O-(((2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)methylene)amino)- Carbofuran Carbophenothion Carvone Chlordane Chlorfenvinfos Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorine monoxide Chlorine oxide Chlorine oxide (ClO2) Chlormephos Chlormequat chloride Chloroethanol Chloroethyl chloroformate Chloromethyl ether Chloromethyl methyl ether Chlorophacinone 2-Chlorophenol Chloroxuron Chlorthiophos Chromic chloride Cobalt Cobalt carbonyl Cobalt, ((2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyne))bis(6-fluorophenylato))(2-)-N,N',O,O')- Colchicine Coumaphos Coumatetralyl Cresylic acid Crimidine Crotonaldehyde Crotonaldehyde, (E)- Cyanogen bromide Cyanogen iodide Cyanophos Cyanuric fluoride Cycloheximide Cyclopentane Decaborane Demeton Demeton-S-methyl Dialifos Diborane Dibutyl phthalate Dichlorobenzalkonium chloride Dichloroethyl ether Dichloromethylphenylsilane Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Diepoxybutane Diethyl chlorophosphate Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine Diethylcarbamazine citrate Digitoxin Diglycidyl ether Digoxin Dimefox Dimethoate Dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine Dimethyldichlorosilane Dimethylhydrazine Dimetilan Dinitrocresol Dinoseb Dinoterb Dioctyl phthalate Dioxathion Dioxolane Diphacinone Diphosphoramide, octamethyl- Disulfoton Dithiazanine iodide Dithiobiuret EPN Ementine, dihydrochloride Endosulfan Endothion Endrin Ergocalciferol Ergotamine tartrate Ethanesulfonyl chloride, 2-chloro- Ethanol, 1,2-dichloro-, acetate Ethion Ethoprophos Ethyl thiocyanate Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine Ethylene fluorohydrin Ethylenediamine Ethyleneimine Ethylmercuric phosphate Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fensulfothion Fluenetil Fluorine Fluoroacetamide Fluoroacetic acid Fluoroacetyl chloride Fluorouracil Fonofos Formaldehyde cyanohydrin Formetanate Formothion Formparanate Fosthietan Fuberidazole Furan Gallium trichloride Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloronaphthalene Hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-dibutyl- Hydrazine Hydrocyanic acid Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide Indomethacin Iridium tetrachloride Iron, pentacarbonyl Isobenzan Isobutyronitrile Isocyanic acid, 3,4-dichlorophenyl ester Isodrin Isofluorphate Isophorone diisocyanate Isopropyl chloroformate Isopropyl formate Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate Lactonitrile Leptophos Lewisite Lindane Lithium hydride Malononitrile Manganese, tricarbonyl methylcyclopentadienyl Mechlorethamine Mephosfolan Mercuric acetate Mercuric chloride Mercuric oxide Mesitylene Methacrolein diacetate Methacrylic anhydride Methacrylonitrile Methacryloyl chloride Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Methamidophos Methanesulfonyl fluoride Methidathion Methiocarb Methomyl Methoxyethylmercuric acetate Methyl 2-chloroacrylate Methylene disulfide Methyl isocyanate Methyl isothiocyanate Methyl mercaptan Methyl phenkapton Methyl phosphonic dichloride Methyl thiocyanate Methyl vinyl ketone Methylhydrazine Methylmercuric dicyanamide Methyltrichlorosilane Metolcarb Mevinphos Mexacarbate Mitomycin C Molinate Monocrotophos Muscimol Mustard gas Nickel Nickel carbonyl Nicotine Nicotine sulfate Nitric acid Nitric oxide Nitrocyclohexane Nitrogen dioxide Nitrosodimethylamine Norbormide Organorhodium Complex (PMN-82-147) Orotic acid Osmium tetroxide Ouabain Oxamyl Oxetane, 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)- Oxydisulfoton Ozone Paraquat Paraquat methosulfate Paris green Pentaborane Pentachloroethane Pentachlorophenol Pentadecylamine Peracetic acid Perchloromethyl mercaptan Phenarsazine oxide Phenol Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis[4-chloro-6-methyl- Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis[4,6-dichloro- Phenol, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, methylcarbamate Phenylene dichloroarsine Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Phenylmercury acetate Phenylsilatrane Phenylthiourea Phorate Phosacetim Phosfolan Phosmet Phosphamidon Phosphine Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, O-ethyl O-(4-(methylthio)phenyl) ester Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 4-(methylthio) phenyl ester Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Phosphorous trichloride Phosphorus Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus pentoxide Phylloquinone Physostigmine Physostigmine, salicylate (1:1) Picrotoxin Piperidine Piprotal Pirimifos-ethyl Platinous chloride Platinum tetrachloride Potassium arsenite Potassium cyanide Potassium silver cyanide Promecarb Propargyl bromide Propiolactone, .beta.- Propionitrile Propionitrile, 3-chloro- Propyl chloroformate Propylene glycol, allyl ether Propyleneimine Prothoate Pseudocumene Pyrene Pyridine, 4-amino- Pyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinyl- Pyridine, 4-nitro-, 1-oxide Pyriminil Rhodium trichloride Salcomine Sarin Selenious acid Selenium oxychloride Semicarbazide hydrochloride Sethoxydim Silane, (4-aminobutyl)diethoxymethyl- Sodium anthraquinone-1-sulfonate Sodium arsenate Sodium arsenite Sodium azide (Na(N3)) Sodium cacodylate Sodium chromate Sodium fluoroacetate Sodium pentachlorophenate Sodium selenate Sodium selenite Sodium tellurite Strychnine Strychnine sulphate Sulfotep Sulfoxide, 3-chloropropyl octyl Sulfur tetrafluoride Sulfur trioxide Sulfuric acid Tabun Tellurium Tellurium hexafluoride TEPP Terbufos Tetraethyl lead Tetraethyltin Tetranitromethane Thallic oxide Thallous carbonate Thallous chloride Thallous malonate Thallous sulfate Thallous sulfate Thiocarbazide Thiocyanic acid, (2-benzothiazolythio methyl… Thiofanox Thiometon Thionazin Thiophenol Thiosemicarbazide Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)- Thiourea, (2-methylphenyl)- Titanium tetrachloride Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate Triamiphos Triazofos Trichloro(chloromethyl)silane Trichloro(dichlorophenyl)silane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Trichloroacetyl chloride Trichloroethylsilane Trichloronate Trichlorophenylsilane Trichlorophon Triethoxysilane Trimethylchlorosilane Trimethylpropane phosphite Trimethyltin chloride Trimethyltin chloride Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine Valinomycin Vanadium pentoxide Vinylorbornene Warfarin Warfarin sodium Xylene dichloride Zinc phosphide Zinc,dichloro[4,4-dimethyl-5-[[[(methylamino)... Trans-1,4-Dichlorobutene |
75865 1752303 107028 814686 116063 309002 107186 107119 20859738 54626 78535 3734972 16919-58-7 300629 88051 7783702 1397940 86884 1303282 1327533 7784341 7784421 2642719 86500 151564 01405-87-3 98168 100141 00098-05-5 98099 98077 98884 100447 15271417 534076 4044659 10294345 7637072 353424 28772567 106990 00109-19-3 00111-34-2 00633-03-4 1306190 2223930 7778441 8001352 56257 51832 26419738 1563662 786196 02244-16-8 57749 470906 7782505 10049044 7791211 7791211 10049044 24934916 999815 107073 627112 542881 107302 3691358 95578 1982474 21923239 10025737 7440484 10210681 62207765 64868 56724 5836293 00095-48-7 535897 4170303 123739 506683 506785 2636262 675149 66819 00287-92-3 17702419 8065483 919868 10311849 19287457 84742 08023-53-8 111444 149746 62737 141662 1464535 814493 00093-05-0 01642-54-2 71636 2238075 20830755 115264 60515 2524030 131113 77781 75183 99989 75785 57147 644644 534521 88857 1420071 11784 78342 64606 82666 152169 298044 514738 541537 2104645 316427 115-29-7 320777 72208 50146 379793 1622328 10140871 563122 13194484 542905 759944 538078 371620 107153 151564 2235258 22224926 122145 115902 4301502 7782414 640197 144490 359068 51218 944229 107164 23422539 2540821 17702577 21548323 3878191 110009 13450903 77474 1335871 4835114 302012 74908 7664393 7783075 53861 10025975 13463406 297789 78820 102363 465736 55914 4098719 108236 625558 119380 78977 21609905 541253 58899 7580678 109773 12108133 51752 950107 1600277 7487947 21908532 108678 10476956 760930 126987 920467 30674807 10265926 558258 950378 2032657 16752775 151382 80637 624920 624839 556616 74931 3735237 676971 556649 78944 60344 502396 75796 1129415 7786347 315184 50077 2212671 6923224 2763964 505602 7440020 13463393 54115 65305 7697372 10102439 1122607 10102440 62759 991424 0 65861 20816120 630604 23135220 78717 2497076 10028156 1910425 2074502 12002038 19624227 76017 87865 2570265 79210 594423 58366 108952 4418660 97187 64006 696286 59881 62384 2097190 103855 298022 4104147 947024 732116 13171216 7803512 2703131 50782699 3254635 56382 7719122 7723140 10025873 10026138 1314563 84800 57476 57647 124878 110894 5281130 23505411 10025657 134961 10124502 151508 506616 2631370 106967 57578 107120 542767 109615 1331175 75558 2275185 95636 129000 504245 140761 1124330 53558251 10049077 14167181 107448 7783008 7791233 563417 74051802 3037727 128563 7631892 7784465 26628228 124652 7775113 62748 131522 13410010 10102188 10102202 57249 60413 3689245 3569571 7783600 7446119 7664939 77816 13494809 7783804 107493 13071799 78002 597648 116143 1314325 6533739 7791120 2757188 7446186 10031591 2231574 21564170 39196184 640153 297972 108985 79196 5344821 614788 7550450 584849 91087 1031476 24017478 1558254 27137855 71556 79005 76028 115219 327980 98135 52686 998301 75774 824113 1066451 639587 555771 2001958 1314621 3048644 81812 129066 28347139 1314847 58270089 110576 |
Related Publications
BLS Publication 412-3 What Every Employer Needs to Know About OSHA Recordkeeping
OSHA 3084 Chemical Hazard Communication
OSHA 3047 Comsultation Services for the Employer
OSHA 3088 How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies
OSHA 3077 Personal Protective Equipment
OSHA 3079 Respiratory Protection
Hazard Communication Regional Coordinators
Region | HCS Coordinator | Telephone |
Boston | Joseph Normand | 617-233-6710 |
New | Cathic Mannion | 212-944-3432 |
Philadelphia | James Johnston | 215-596-1201 |
Atlanta | Charles Anderson | 404-347-3573 |
Chicago | Kenneth Yotz | 312-707-4731 |
Dallas | Dean McDaniel | 214-707-4731 |
Kansas City | Mary Marphy | 816-374-5861 |
Denver | John Healy | 303-837-3061 |
San Francisco | Dean Ikeda | 414-556-0585 |
Seattle | Carl Halgren | 206-442-5930 |
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Regional Offices
Region I
(CT*, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT*)
16-18 North Street 1
1 Dock Square Building
4th Floor
Boston, MA 02109
Telephone: (617) 223-6710
Region II
(NY, NY*, Puerto Rico*, Virgin Islands*)
1 Astor Plaza, Room 3445
1515 Brodway
New NY 10036
Telephone: (212) 944-3432
Region III
(DC, DE, MD*, PA, VA*, WV)
Gateway Building, Suite 2100
3535 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19104
Telephone: (215)596-1201
Region IV
(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN)
1375 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Suite 587
Atlanta, GA 30367 Telephone:
(404) 347-3573
Region V
(IL, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Telephone: (312)353-2220
Region VI
(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)
525 Griffin Square Building, Room 602
Dallas, TX 75202
Telephone: (214) 767-4731
Region VII
(IA*, KS, MO, NE)
911 Walnut Street, Room 406
Kansas City, MO 64106
Telephone: (816)374-5861
Region III
(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)
Federal Building, Room 1554
1962 Stout Street
Denver, CO 80294
Telephone: (303)844-3061
Region IX
(American Samoa, AZ*, CA*, Guam, HI*, NV*, Pacific Trust Territories)
P.O. Box 36017
450 Golden Gate Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94102
Telephone: (415) 556-7260
Region X
(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)
Federal Office Building
Room 6003
909 First Avenue
Seattle, WA 98174
Telephone: (206) 442-5930
*These States and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health programs (except Connecticut and New York whose plans cover public employees only).