Chemical Sampling Information
	Pyridine
Quick Links General Description Exposure Limits Health Factors Monitoring Search    [use word(s)/phrase] Table of Contents By Name A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z By CAS Number General Description Synonyms: Azabenzene; Azine OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2220 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 110-86-1 NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: UR8400000 Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1282 129 [27 KB, PDF] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Pyridine: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more Exposure Limits OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 5 ppm, 15 mg/m3 TWA OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 5 ppm, 15 mg/m3 TWA OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 5 ppm, 15 mg/m3 TWA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 1 ppm, 3.2 mg/m3 TWA; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 5 ppm, 15 mg/m3 TWA Health Factors International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. [103 KB, PDF] NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 1,000 ppm Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory tract; cough, shortness of breath; headache, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia; nausea, anorexia; unconsciousness; dermatitis; liver, kidney damage; eye damage (on contact with liquid); SKIN ABS.: Redness; burning sensation; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea; weakness. Health Effects: Cumulative liver, kidney and bone marrow damage (HE3) CNS effects (HE7); Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Moderate (HE15). Affected organs: Eyes, skin, CNS, liver, kidneys, GI tract Notes: Vapor/air mixtures of pyridine may be explosive. Pyridine is listed among FDA’s “food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption” (21 CFR 172.515). EPA’s reference dose (RfD, daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) for pyridine is 0.001 mg/kg/day. Chronic oral ingestion of pyridine by mice in daily doses up to 70 mg/kg caused a dose-related increase in incidence of liver cancer, whereas rats receiving up to 36 mg/kg daily showed liver and kidney damage. Urinary metabolites of radiolabled pyridine given orally to two volunteers included pyridine N-oxide (32% of the dose) and N-methylpyridinium ion (6-12% of the dose). Date Last Revised: 09/14/2006 Literature Basis: NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Pyridine. International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Pyridine. U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Pyridine (CASRN 110-86-1). Damani, L.A., Crooks, P.A., Shaker, M.S., Caldwell, J., D’Souza, J. and Smith, R.L.: Species differences in the metabolic C- and N-oxidation, and N-methylation of [14C]pyridine in vivo. Xenobiotica 12(8): 527-534, 1982. National Toxicology Program: NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of pyridine (CAS No. 110-86-1) in F344/N rats, Wistar rats, and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies). Nat. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 470: 1-330, 2000. Nikula, K.J. and Lewis, J.L.: Olfactory mucosal lesions in F344 rats following inhalation exposure to pyridine at threshold limit value concentrations. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23(4): 510-517, 1994. [No authors listed]: Pyridine. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 77: 503-528, 2000. [103 KB, PDF] Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Pyridine. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1988-1990. Monitoring Methods used by OSHA Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method: sampling media: Coconut Shell Charcoal (100/50 mg sections) analytical solvent: Methylene Chloride minimum volume: 18 Liters   maximum volume: 150 Liters   maximum flow rate: 1 L/min current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1613) [22 KB, PDF] method classification: Fully Validated All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Science, Technology and Medicine at 202-693-2300 for assistance accessing PDF materials.