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N-Nitrosopiperidine

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General Description
    Synonyms: NPIP; NO-Pip; 1-Nitrosopiperidine

    OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1949

    Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 100-75-4

    NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: TN2100000

    Chemical Description and Physical Properties: yellow liquid
      molecular formula: C5H10N2O
      molecular weight: 114.15
      boiling point: 217°C/721 mm Hg
Health Factors
    National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogen [217 KB PDF]

    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans

    Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, inflammation of pigmented area, clouded patches of vision from corneal damage; liver damage.

    Health Effects: Suspected carcinogen (HE2); Possible permanent damage to eyes (HE14)

    Affected organs: Eyes; in rats: esophagus, liver, nasal cavity, stomach

    Notes:
    1. N-Nitrosopiperidine is an OSHA Select Carcinogen without a PEL, and it appears to be used only as a research chemical.
    2. It is thought to undergo activation by α-hydroxylation via the cytochrome P450 2A family (e.g., CYP2A6) to metabolites that form adducts with guanine in DNA, which may be involved in carcinogenesis.
    3. N-Nitrosopiperidine has been found in some sun-dried foods, smoked fish, meats (e.g., bacon) and other foods preserved with sodium nitrite.
    4. N-Nitrosopiperidine was detected in urine from 52/59 non-smokers who were tested, and it appeared to be associated with the consumption of coffee, according to one report.

    Date Last Revised: 08/16/2006

    Literature Basis:
    • No Author: N-Nitrosopiperidine, CAS No. 100-75-4. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005. [217 KB PDF]
    • Levallois, P., et al.: Excretion of volatile nitrosamines in a rural population in relation to food and drinking water consumption. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38(11): 1013-1019, 2000.
    • Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N-Nitrosopiperidine. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1741-1742.
    • Siddiqi, M.A., Tricker, A.R., Kumar, R., Fazili, Z. and Preussmann, R.: Dietary sources of N-nitrosamines in a high-risk area for oesophageal cancer—Kashmir, India. IARC Sci. Publ. (105): 210-213, 1991.
    • Wong, H.L., Murphy, S.E. and Hecht, S.S.: Cytochrome P450 2A-catalyzed metabolic activation of structurally similar carcinogenic nitrosamines: N’-nitrosonornicotine enantiomers, N-nitrosopiperidine, and N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18(1): 61-69, 2005.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
    Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:

    • sampling media: ThermoSorb/N Tube
      analytical solvent: (75:25) Dichloromethane:Methanol
      maximum volume: 75 Liters   maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
      current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/TEA
      method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 27)
      method classification: Fully Validated
      note: OSHA personnel may obtain ThermoSorb/N Tube from SLTC. Store samples in freezer.

    Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.

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