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Chemical Sampling Information |
| morpholine |
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General Description
Synonyms: Diethyleneimide oxide; Diethylene imidoxide; Diethylene oximide; Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine; Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1797
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 110-91-8
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: QD6475000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2054 132 [27 KB, PDF]
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Morpholine: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 20 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 20 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 20 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 20 ppm, 71 mg/m3 TWA; Skin; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 20 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA; 30 ppm, 105 mg/m3 STEL; Skin
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. [62 KB, PDF]
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 1,400 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, nose, respiratory system; visual disturbance cough, shortness of breath, labored breathing, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); in animals: liver, kidney damage; SKIN ABS.: Redness, pain, burns, blisters; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain, burning sensation; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; shock or collapse.
Health Effects: Irritation–Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---severe (HE14) Cumulative liver and kidney damage (HE3)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys
Notes:
- Explosive vapor/air mixtures of morpholine may be formed above 35°C. NIOSH’s IDLH for morpholine is 10% of its lower explosive limit.
- Morpholine is listed among FDA’s “secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption” (except in milk and milk products) as a boiler water additive not to exceed 10 ppm in steam (21 CFR 173.310).
- In animal studies, morpholine was excreted largely unchanged in the urine, showing major metabolite formation (~20% N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) only in guinea pigs. Plasma elimination half-lives ranged from 2 hours in hamsters to 5 hours in guinea pigs.
Date Last Revised: 04/17/2007
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Morpholine.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Morpholine.
- [No authors listed]: Morpholine. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 47: 199-213, 1989. [62 KB, PDF]
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Morpholine. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1639-1641.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
sampling media: XAD-7 tube (coated with 10% phosphoric acid) (80/40 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: 1 mL 20:80 water:methanol, shake 0.5 hour, then 0.5 mL removed and added to 0.5 mL 20:80 1 N NaOH:methanol
maximum volume: 10 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.1 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Manual of Analytical Methods (OSHA PV2123)
method classification: Partially Validated
On-Site Sampling Techniques/Methods:
device: Instrumentation
manufacturer: Infrared Spectrophotometer
model/type: MIRAN 1A & 1B
sampling information: 0.7 ppm @ 9.1 um
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
device: Instrumentation
manufacturer: Infrared Spectrophotometer
model/type: MIRAN 103
sampling information: 0-100 ppm @ 9.0 um
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
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