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Chemical Sampling Information: |
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| Malathion (Total Dust) |
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General Description
Synonyms: Succinic acid, mercapto- , diethyl ester, S-ester with O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate; O,O-Dimethyldithiophosphate diethylmercaptosuccinate; O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl) dithiophosphate; S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-O,O-dimethyl thiophosphate; Maldison
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1616
IMIS Name History: Malathion prior to 9/1/89
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 121-75-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: WM8400000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2783 152
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Malathion: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 15 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 15 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 15 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 1 mg/m3 TWA - Inhalable fraction, Vapor and aerosol; Skin; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen; BEI - Appendix A: Carcinogens
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 10 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 250 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin; miosis, aching eyes, blurred vision, lacrimation, salivation; anorexia; nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea; dizziness, confusion; ataxia; rhinorrhea; headache; tightness of chest, wheezing, laryngeal spasm; low blood pressure; skin sensitization; personality changes, irritability; muscle spasms, paralysis; convulsions, coma.
Health Effects: Cholinesterase inhibition (HE6)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, blood cholinesterase, CNS, cardiovascular system, GI tract.
Notes: 1) The measurement of blood acetylcholinesterase can serve as a nonspecific biomarker of exposure. Symptoms of intoxication usually appear at 60-70% inhibition of this enzyme. 2) Malathion is activated by cytochrome P-450 to malaoxon. Other metabolites, malathion monocarboxylic acid and malathion dicarboxylic acid are excreted in the urine and used as specific biomarkers of occupational exposure.
Date Last Revised: 06/18/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Malathion.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Malathion.
- Bouchard, M, Gosselin, N.H., Brunet, R.C., Samuel, O., Dumoulin, M.-J. and Carrier, G.: A toxicokinetic model of malathion and its metabolites as a tool to assess human exposure and risk through measurements of urinary biomarkers. Toxicol. Sci. 73(1): 182-194, 2003.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Malathion. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1433-1436.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg sections, 20/60 mesh) with Glass Fiber Filter enclosed
analytical solvent: Toluene
maximum volume: 60 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FPD
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 62)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: OSHA personnel may obtain sampling tubes from SLTC.
Wipe sampling: Yes, with Glass Fiber Filter
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
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