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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Glycidol |
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General Description
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxymethyloxiran; Hydroxymethyl ethylene oxide; Epoxypropyl alcohol; 3-Hydroxypropylene oxide; 2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol; Glycide
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1365
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 556-52-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: UB4375000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Glycidol: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 50 ppm, 150 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 50 ppm, 150 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 50 ppm, 150 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2 ppm, 6 mg/m3 TWA; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 25 ppm, 75 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2A, Probably carcinogenic to humans
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 150 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose, throat, skin; narcosis; cough; dizziness; labored breathing, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Moderate (HE15); CNS effects (HE7); Mutagen (HE2)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS
Notes:
- A study of the disposition of radiolabeled glycidol in rats indicated that approximately ¼ to 1/3 of the administered radioactivity (oral or intravenous) was expired as CO2 and 40-48% was excreted in the urine as 15 unidentified metabolites.
- In 2-year carcinogenicity studies, oral glycidol induced neoplasms in multiple tissues of rats (37.5 or 75 mg/kg/day) and mice (25 or 50 mg/kg/day), including gliomas of the brain (rarely seen with other chemical carcinogens). Higher doses in shorter-term studies caused brain lesions, testicular atrophy, and kidney damage.
- Glycidol was reported to be selectively immunosuppressive in mice, decreasing host resistance to a melanoma tumor model, but not to Listeria monocytogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Glycidol showed some potential as prion disinfectant in a study with a prion protein that causes scrapie (a spongiform encephalitis) in mice.
Date Last Revised: 10/12/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Glycidol.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Glycidol.
- No Author: Glycidol CAS No. 556-52-5. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005.
- NTP: NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of glycidol (CAS No. 556-52-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 374: 1-229, 1990.
- Guo, T.L., et al.: Glycidol modulation of the immune responses in female B6C3F1 mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 23(3): 433-457, 2000.
- Nomeir, A.A., et al.: Comparative disposition of 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol) in rats following oral and intravenous administration. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 44(2): 203-217, 1995.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Glycidol. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1210-1212.
- Sills, R.C., Hailey, J.R., Neal, J., Boorman, G.A., Haseman, J.K. and Melnick, R.L.: Examination of low-incidence brain tumor responses in F344 rats following chemical exposures in National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity studies. Toxicol. Pathol. 27(5): 589-599, 1999.
- Yamamoto, M., Horiuchi, M., Ishiguro, N., Shinagawa, M., Matsuo, T. and Keneko, K.: Glycidol degrades scrapie mouse prion protein. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(9): 983-990, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Tetrahydrofuran
maximum volume: 50 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1608)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: Submit as a separate sample. Refrigerate samples at 4°C immediately and ship on ice to prevent low recoveries. Analyze samples as soon as possible.
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