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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Ethyl Acrylate |
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General Description
Synonyms: Acrylic Acid, Ethyl Ester; Ethyl acrylate (inhibited); Ethyl Propenoate; Ethoxy Carbonyl Ethylene; 2-Propenoic Acid, Ethyl Ester
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1050
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 140-88-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: AT0700000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1917 129P [27 KB PDF] (inhibited)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Ethyl Acrylate: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 25 ppm, 100 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 25 ppm, 100 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 25 ppm, 100 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 5 ppm, 20 mg/m3 TWA; 15 ppm, 61 mg/m3 STEL; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. [381 KB PDF]
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 300 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); sore throat; blurred vision; skin sensitization; [potential occupational carcinogen]; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Lung edema (HE11)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Notes:
- Vapor/air mixtures may be explosive.
- Skin patch testing of 192 patients with a history of exposure to various acrylates identified 16 (8.3%) who had an allergic reaction to ethyl acrylate.
- Among six acrylate esters tested for hydrolysis by carboxylesterase (porcine liver), ethyl acrylate had the highest maximum rate of acrylic acid production.
- Metabolic studies with radiolabeled ethyl acrylate in rats indicated the major metabolite to be carbon dioxide. Urinary metabolites included 3-hydroxypropionic acid and products of conjugation of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate with glutathione.
- Ethyl acrylate is listed among FDA’s “food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption” (21 CFR 172.515). It occurs naturally in some fruits (blackberries, raspberries, pineapples and yellow passion fruit).
- NTP delisted ethyl acrylate as a suspected human carcinogen because the forestomach tumors in rats and mice appeared to arise from local tissue irritation and ulceration, rather than from a systemic toxicity, and occurred only at oral doses unlikely to be achieved by chronic human exposure.
- Ethyl acrylate remains an OSHA Select Carcinogen, due to its evaluation (Group 2B) by the IARC.
Date Last Revised: 06/21/2006
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ethyl Acrylate.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Ethyl acrylate.
- National Toxicology Program: Report on Carcinogens. Background Document for Ethyl Acrylate (December 2-3, 1998), 51 pp. [1735 KB PDF]
- deBethizy, J.D., Udinsky, J.R., Scribner, H.E. and Frederick, C.B.: The disposition and metabolism of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 8(4): 549-561, 1987.
- Kanerva, L., Jolanki, R. and Estlander, T.: 10 years of patch testing with the (meth)acrylate series. Contact Dermatitis 37(6): 255-258, 1997.
- McCarthy, T.J. and Witz, G.: Structure-activity relationships in the hydrolysis of acrylate and methacrylate esters by carboxylesterase in vitro. Toxicology 116(1-3): 153-158, 1997.
- No authors listed: Ethyl acrylate. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 3): 1447-1457, 1999. [381 KB PDF]
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ethyl acrylate. Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1043-1044.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Coated Charcoal Tube (110/55 mg sections, 20/40 mesh) Coating is 10% 4-tert-butylcatechol.
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
maximum volume: 12 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.05 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 0.75 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.05 L/min (STEL)
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 92)
method classification: Fully Validated
Wipe Sampling Method:
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sampling media: Charcoal pad
note: Seal in glass vial for shipment.
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