 |
Chemical Sampling Information |
|
| o-Dichlorobenzene |
|
General Description
Synonyms: o-DCB; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene; ortho-Dichlorobenzene; o-Dichlorobenzol
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0867
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 95-50-1
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: CZ4500000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1591 152
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, o-Dichlorobenzene: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 50 ppm, 300 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 50 ppm, 300 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 50 ppm, 300 mg/m3 Ceiling
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 25 ppm, 150 mg/m3 TWA; 50 ppm, 301 mg/m3 STEL; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 50 ppm, 300 mg/m3 Ceiling
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 200 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose; cough, sore throat; dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea; unconsciousness; liver, kidney damage; skin blisters; INGES. ACUTE: Burning sensation; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Liver damage (HE4); Clastogen (HE2).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys
Notes:
- Urinary metabolites of o-dichloro-benzene include 4,5-dichlorocatechol, 3,4-dichlorocatechol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, and 3,4-dichlorophenol and their conjugates.
- The urinary conjugates, 2,3-dichloro-phenylmercapturic acid and 3,4-dichloro-phenylmercapturic acid, were reported to have mean excretion half-lives of 5.3 and 5.9 hours, respectively, in eight volunteers.
- The hepatotoxicity of o-dichlorobenzene may be due to production of reactive metabolites, possibly epoxides, which bind covalently to proteins and DNA, as well as to oxidative stress from the intracellular depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH).
- Chromosome studies of laboratory workers six months after they were accidentally exposed to o-dichlorobenzene showed four times as many aberrations (single and double strand chromosome breaks) as a control group performing comparable work elsewhere.
- Although a case of chloracne was recently attributed to low-level exposure to o-dichlorobenzene, chloracne was not mentioned as one of the symptoms in any of 26 accidentally exposed lab workers.
- EPA's oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) of o-dichlorobenzene is 0.09 mg/kg/day.
Date Last Revised: 11/07/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: o-Dichlorobenzene.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): 1,2-Dichlorobenzene.
- U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (CASRN 95-50-1).
- Hissink, A.M., Van Ommen, B., Krüse, J. and Van Bladeren, P.J.: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model for 1,2-dichlorobenzene linked to two possible parameters of toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 145(2): 301-310, 1997.
- Kumagai, S. and Matsunaga, I.: Relations between exposure to o-dichlorobenzene and concentrations of urinary metabolites. J. Occup. Health 39(2): 124-129, 1997.
- McDougal, J.N., Grabau, J.H., Dong, I., Mattie, D.R. and Jepson, G.W.: Inflammatory damage to skin by prolonged contact with 1,2-dichlorobenzene and chloropentafluorobenzene. Microsc. Res. Tech. 37(3): 214-220, 1997.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dichlorobenzenes. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 799-804.
- Violante, F.S., Milani, S., Malenchini, G. and Barbieri, A.: Chloracne due to o-dichlorobenzene in a laboratory worker. Contact Dermatitis 52(2): 108, 2005.
- Zapata-Gayon, C., Zapata-Gayon, N. and Gonzalez-Angulo, A.: Clastogenic chromosomal aberrations in 26 individuals accidentally exposed to ortho dichlorobenzene vapors in the National Medical Center in Mexico City. Arch. Environ. Health 37(4): 231-235, 1982.
- Zenser, L.-P., Lang, A. and Knecht, U.: N-Acetyl-S-(dichlorophenyl)cysteines as suitable biomarkers for the monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 69(4): 252-254, 1997.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
-
sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
minimum time: 15 Minutes maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min (Ceiling)
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1003)
method classification: Partially Validated
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
Back to Top
www.osha.gov
