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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Chlorobenzene |
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General Description
Synonyms: Monochlorobenzene; Chlorobenzol; Phenyl chloride; MCB
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0620
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 108-90-7
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: CZ0175000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1134 130
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Chlorobenzene: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 75 ppm, 350 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 75 ppm, 350 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 75 ppm, 350 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm, 46 mg/m3 TWA; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans; BEIŽ
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): Appendix D - Substances With No Established RELs
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 1000 ppm
Potential symptoms: Skin, eye, nose irritation, headache; nausea; drowsiness, incoordination, unconsciousness; CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Numbness, cyanosis, hyperesthesia (increased sensation), muscle spasms; anemia.
In animals: liver, lung, kidney damage, bone marrow suppression. INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain
Health Effects: Cumulative Systemic Toxicity (HE3); Narcosis (HE8); Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Skin-Moderate (HE15).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS, liver
Notes:
- Chlorobenzene is metabolized primarily in the liver by cytochrome P450 2E1.
- The major urinary metabolite is 4-chlorocatechol, with p-chlorophenol, m-chlorophenol and o-chlorophenol appearing in lesser amounts (p>m>o).
- EPA's oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) for chlorobenzene is 0.02 mg/kg/day, and its provisional reference concentration (RfC) is 0.02 mg/m3.
- Germany reduced its maximum allowable concentrations of chlorobenzene at the workplace from 50 ppm to 10 ppm in 1995 because of findings of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in animals with multiple exposures to levels up to 50 ppm.
Date Last Revised: 08/12/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Chlorobenzene.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Chlorobenzene.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Chlorobenzene. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Arutjunov, V.D., Batsura, Ju.D., Gribova, I.A. and Kruglikov G.G.: Scanning electron-microspic and light-optic investigations of erythrocytes in toxic anaemia. Br. J. Ind. Med. 38(1): 72-75, 1981.
- Knecht, U. and Woitowitz, H.-J.: Human toxicokinetics of inhaled monochlorobenzene: latest experimental findings regarding re-evaluation of the biological tolerance value. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Med. 73(8): 543-554, 2000.
- National Toxicology Program: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Chlorobenzene (CAS No. 108-90-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 261: 1-220, 1985.
- Nedelcheva, V., Gut, I., Soucek, P. and Frantik, E.: Cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidation of monochlorobenzene, 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in rat, mouse, and human liver microsomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 115(1): 53-70, 1998.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dichlorobenzenes. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 799-804.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
alternate solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide/Dimethylformamide
maximum volume: 10 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1003 )
method classification: Partially Validated
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