 |
Chemical Sampling Information: |
|
| 2-Butoxyethanol |
|
General Description
Synonyms: Butyl cellosolve; Ethyleneglycol monobutylether; Dowanol EB; Butyl oxitol; Jeffersol EB; Ektasolve EB; Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; EGBE
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0435
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 111-76-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: KJ8575000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2369 152
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 2-Butoxyethanol: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 50 ppm, 240 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 50 ppm, 240 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 50 ppm, 240 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 20 ppm; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 5 ppm, 24 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 700 ppm
Potential symptoms: Eye, nose, throat and skin irritation; cough; hemolysis, hematuria, anemia; central nervous system depression, dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, unconsciousness; headache, vomiting; pulmonary edema; eye redness, pain, blurred vision; liver and kidney damage; INGES ACUTE: Abdominal pain, diarrhea; nausea; metabolic acidosis; SKIN ABS.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Mild (HE16); Blood disorders, anemia (HE12); CNS effects---Narcosis (HE8)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS, hematopoietic system, blood, kidneys, liver, lymphoid system.
Notes: 1) Approved by the FDA for use in flume water for washing sugar beets prior to slicing operation - not to exceed 1 ppm [21 CFR 173.315(a)(4)] 2) 2-Butoxyethanol can form explosive peroxides. 3) Absorption of liquid through skin is markedly enhanced by the addition of water to 2-butoxyethanol. Vapors also show significant dermal absorption. 4) Measurement of 2-butoxyethanol in blood or butoxyacetic acid in urine after hydrolysis of conjugates are useful for monitoring exposure, although urinary monitoring is preferred. The average half-life for urinary excretion of total (free and conjugated) butoxyacetic acid metabolites is reportedly in the range of 3.3 to 6 hours. 5) A minor pathway of metabolism in most people involves O-dealkylation to ethylene glycol by cytochrome P450-2E1. 6) The EPA has calculated a provisional RfC (lifetime exposure without appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects) of 0.02 mg/m3 (4 ppb) on the basis of hematological effects in rats. A slight, but significant decrease in hematocrit was reported in workers exposed to an average of 2.91 mg/m3 (0.59 ppm). 7) Another study reported delayed effects in a small number of workers after acute exposure, including elevations in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood pressure and appearance of cherry angiomas on the skin. 8) Tumor production (stomach or liver) in mice may be species-specific effects.
Date Last Revised: 01/21/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: 2-Butoxyethanol.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Glycol ethers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Green, T., Toghill, A., Lee, R., Moore, R. and Foster, J.: The development of forestomach tumours in the mouse following exposure to 2-butoxyethanol by inhalation: studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans. Toxicology 180(3): 257-273, 2002.
- Gualideri, J.F., DeBoer, L., Harris, C.R. and Corley, R.: Repeated ingestion of 2-butoxyethanol: case report and literature review. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 41(1): 57-62, 2003.
- Haufroid, V., Thirion, F., Mertens, P., Buchet, J.-P. and Lison, D.: Biological monitoring of workers exposed to low levels of 2-butoxyethanol. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 70(4): 232-236, 1997.
- Jakasa, I., Mohammadi, N., Kruse, J. and Kezic, S.: Percutaneous absorption of neat and aqueous solutions of 2-butoxyethanol in volunteers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 77(2): 79-84, 2004.
- Jones, K. and Cocker, J.: A human exposure study to investigate biological monitoring methods for 2-butoxyethanol. Biomarkers 8(5): 360-370, 2003.
- Jones, K., Cocker, J., Dodd, L.J. and Fraser, I.: Factors affecting the extent of dermal absorption of solvent vapors: a human volunteer study to investigate biological monitoring methods for 2-butoxyethanol. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 47(2): 145-150, 2003.
- National Toxicology Program: NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies: 2-butoxyethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 484: 1-290, 2000.
- Nyska, A., Haseman, J.K., Kohen, R. and Maronpot, R.R.: Association of liver hemangiosarcoma and secondary iron overload in B6C3F1 mice-the National Toxicology Program experience. Toxicol. Pathol. 32(2): 222-228, 2004.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): n-Butoxyethanol. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 389-391.
- Raymond, L.W., Williford, L.S. and Burke, W.A.: Eruptive cherry angiomas and irritant symptoms after one acute exposure to the glycol ether solvent 2-butoxyethanol. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 40(12): 1059-1064, 1998.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
-
sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
analytical solvent: (95:5) Methylene Chloride:Methanol
maximum volume: 48 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.1 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 83)
method classification: Fully Validated
Wipe sampling: Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment.
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
Back to Top
www.osha.gov
