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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Acetyl Methyl Carbinol |
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General Description
Synonyms: Acetoin; 1-Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ketone; gamma-Hydroxy-beta-Oxobutane; 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone; 2,3-Butanolone; Dimethylketol
OSHA IMIS Code Number: A624
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 513-86-0
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: EL8790000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2621 127
Chemical Description and Physical Properties: Light yellow liquid
molecular formula: C4H8O2
molecular weight: 88.10
boiling point: 148ºC
melting point: 15º C
flash point: 50º C
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Eye, mucous membrane, respiratory system, skin irritation.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin (HE15);
Affected organs: Eyes, respiratory system, skin
Notes:
- Acetyl methyl carbinol (acetoin) is one of several volatile organic compounds (diacetyl, 2-nonanone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and acetic acid) found in a butter flavoring used at a microwave popcorn plant where many cases of severe respiratory illness had developed.
- In animals, acetoin is one of the metabolites of the industrial solvent methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone), and it is further metabolized to 2,3-butanediol. Injection of 14C-labeled acetoin into rats resulted in expiration of 15% of the dose as 14C-carbon dioxide in 12 hours.
- In a 13-week oral administration study in rats, the NOAEL was estimated to be about 700 times the estimated maximum human consumption of acetoin (0.5 mg/kg/day).
- The appearance of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol in urine from premature babies was attributed to abnormal colonization of the colon by microorganisms that produce acetoin from a lactose metabolite, pyruvate.
Date Last Revised: 08/18/2005
Literature Basis:
- DiVincenzo, G.D., Kaplan, C.J. and Dedinas, J.: Characterization of the metabolites of methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone in guinea pig serum and their clearance. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36(3): 511-522, 1976.
- Gabriel, M.A., Ilbawi, M. and al-Khalidi, U.A.S.: The oxidation of acetoin to CO2 in intact animals and in liver mince preparation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 41(3): 493-502, 1972.
- Gaunt, I.F., Brantom, P.G., Kiss, I.S., Grasso, P. and Gangolli, S.D.: Short-term toxicity of acetoin (acetylmethylcarbonol) in rats. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 10(2): 131-41, 1972.
- Mills, G.A. and Walker, V.: Urinary excretion of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin by babies on a special care unit. Clin. Chim. Acta 179(1): 51-59, 1989.
- Pendergrass, S.M.: Method development for the determination of diacetyl and acetoin at a microwave popcorn plant. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(3): 858-861, 2004.
- Westerfeld, W.W. and Berg, R.L.: Observations on the metabolism of acetoin. J. Biol. Chem. 148: 523-528, 1943.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Anasorb CMS tubes
analytical solvent: (95:5) acetone:methanol
maximum volume: 10 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method NIOSH 2558)
method classification: Partially Validated
note: Samples must be refrigerated immediately after sampling and shipped to lab as soon as possible.
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