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<<< Back to Silica, Crystalline - Exposure Evaluation Printing Instructions -DISCLAIMER- This is not DOL or OSHA controlled material and is provided here for reference only. We take no responsibility for the views, content or accuracy of this information. Issues and Controversy: The Measurement of Crystalline Silica Reprint International Symposium August 20-21, 1992 Cambridge, MA Sponsored by: Chemical Manufacturers Association Crystalline Silica Panel Co-Sponsored by: American Industrial Hygiene Association Analytica Chimica Acta U.S. Bureau of Mines Ceramic Industry Magazine Clay Minerals Society Occupational Safety and Health Administration Sorptive Minerals Institute Evaluation of the Detectability and Quantification of Respirable Crystalline Silica by X-ray Powder Diffraction Methods by Deane K. Smith Department of Geosciences and Materials Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Abstract Introduction Crystalline Silica in the Industrial Environment Forms and Sources of Crystalline Silica Literature Review Principles and practices of QXRPD Basic Theory and Its Significance in Silica Determinations Advantages of QXRPD for Crystalline Silica Problems of QXRPD The Integration of Diffraction Peaks by Profile Fitting Samples and Sampling The Nature of Samples for X-ray Diffraction Analysis Crystallite Statistics Particle Size Effects and Amorphous Layers Standard Procedures The Analysis of Bulk Samples Quartz Analyses Using Membranes Filters Comparisons of Filter Methods Calibration Discussion Evaluation of QXRPD as a Tool for Silica Analysis Specific Problems in QXRPD Analysis Comments on Standardized Procedures Bulk Sample Analysis The Cristobalite Problem The Importance of Tridymite and Other Silicas The Need for Standard Silica Samples Calibration Curves and Correction Factors Detection Limits Recommendations Modifications to the Diffractometer for Quantification Modifications in Sampling Other Recommendations Summary Acknowledgements References and Bibliography Appendix

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