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Cranes
and Derricks |
Potential Hazards:
Workers can be injured by:
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Falling loads,
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Falling
booms
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Overturning equipment
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Being caught in moving machinery parts, and
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Being struck by moving
machinery or loads.
Requirements and Example Solutions:
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Derricks and cranes used on vessels must be tested
and certified in accordance with the standards provided in 29 CFR
1919. [1915.115(a)(1)]
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Maximum manufacturer's rated safe working loads
must be posted and must not be exceeded. [1915.115(c)(1)
and
(c)(2)]
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The various working radii of the boom and the
maximum and minimum radii at which the boom may be safely used with
and without outriggers shall be conspicuously posted near the controls
and shall be visible to the operator. A radius indicator shall be
provided. [1915.115(c)(1)]
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Special precautions should be taken when placing a
crane on a vessel (barge) due to: [ANSI B30.8-1982 Section 8-1.2.2(3).]
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Wave movement.
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Barge size or stability.
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Shifting cranes.
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The swing radius must be guarded. [1915.115(d)]
See Figure 3.
When
crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes are used:
- Side loading of booms shall be limited to freely suspended loads.
Cranes shall not be used for dragging loads sideways. [1910.180(h)(3)(iv)]
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Neither the load nor the boom shall be lowered below
the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on their
respective drums. [1910.180(h)(3)(x)]
- When two or more cranes are used to lift one load,
one designated person shall be responsible for the operation. This
person shall
be required to analyze the operation and instruct all personnel
involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the
movements to be made. [1910.180(h)(3)(xii)]
- The operator shall not be permitted to leave his or her position at the controls while the load is suspended.
[1910.180(h)(4)(i)]
Additional Resources:
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Figure 2: Ship equipped with several derricks.
Figure 3: Crane swing radius provided with barricades.
Figure 4: Mobile crane.
Figure 5: Two-crane lift coordinated by a single qualified person. |
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Marine
Railways |
Potential Hazards:
Workers can be injured by being struck by moving cradles, machinery
parts, and breaking lines.
Requirements and Example Solutions:
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The cradle or carriage on the marine railway must
be positively blocked or secured when in the hauling position to
prevent it from being accidentally released. [1915.115(e)(1)]
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Figure 6: Barge on marine railway.
Figure 7: Guarded machinery parts on marine railway tugger.
Figure 8: Marine railway carriage secured with wire ropes. |
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Powered
Industrial Trucks |
Potential Hazards:
Workers can be injured due to lift trucks tipping over, shifting deck
plates, dropping loads, or by being struck by moving lift trucks.
Requirements and Example Solutions:
Powered industrial trucks are used throughout the shipyard to move
material while on the vessel and in the shops. Example elements applicable
to Powered Industrial Trucks include:
- Inspection
- Maintenance
- Training [1915.120]
- Overhead protection
- Warning devices
- Operational
Additional Resources:
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Figure 8: Powered industrial truck on pier near dry-dock.
Figure 9: Powered industrial truck with overhead protection. |
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